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- W2085890666 abstract "L’héparine non fractionnée (HNF) est utilisée depuis de très nombreuses années comme antithrombotique. Son action est principalement due à sa capacité d’amplifier l’action inhibitrice de l’antithrombine (AT) sur la thrombine et le facteur Xa. Les résistances à l’héparine sont rares et peuvent avoir une expression clinique ou biologique. La survenue d’une thrombose veineuse ou artérielle ou l’extension d’une thrombose préexistante sous HNF à dose efficace doit toujours faire évoquer soit un déficit congénital en antithrombine soit une thrombopénie induite par l’héparine de type 2, de mécanisme immuno-allergique, imposant l’arrêt de l’héparine et le recours à d’autres anticoagulants. Les résistances biologiques sont détectées par le temps de céphaline activée qui est peu ou pas allongé malgré l’augmentation des doses d’HNF. Le dosage de l’activité anti-Xa est alors utile pour ajuster la posologie d’HNF. Les résistances biologiques se voient au cours de certaines situations physiologiques ou pathologiques : processus inflammatoires et infectieux, grossesse, thrombocytoses. Des résistances biologiques sans expression clinique peuvent se voir en cas de déficits acquis en AT au cours du syndrome néphrotique, du traitement par la l-asparaginase ou des circulations extracorporelles. Si les résistances biologiques relatives sont assez courantes, les résistances cliniques vraies à l’héparine sont rares et il faut surtout évoquer les déficits en AT et les thrombopénies induites par l’héparine de mécanisme immuno-allergique. Unfractionated heparin has been used as antithrombotic therapy for many years. Its main effect is attributed to the activation of antithrombin (AT), the heparin/AT complex inactivating both factor IIa (thrombin) and factor Xa. Resistance to unfractionated heparin with clinical or biological expression is uncommon. The occurrence of venous or arterial thrombosis or the extension of thrombosis in a patient receiving unfractionated heparin, should always raise suspicion of either AT deficiency or type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT type 2). HIT type 2 is not a true heparin resistance but an immune complication that requires heparin discontinuation and the use of alternative anticoagulants. Biological heparin resistance is suspected in the presence of a normal or not prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time despite the administration of increasing dose of heparin. Measurement of anti-Xa activity is useful to adjust heparin treatment. Isolated biological heparin resistance is encountered in several physiological and pathological situations including inflammatory and infectious disorders, pregnancy and thrombocytosis. It also occurs in acquired antithrombin deficiency of nephrotic syndrome, l-asparaginase treatment or cardiopulmonary bypass. Biological heparin resistance is relatively common, but clinically significant resistance to heparin is rare and should always raise suspicion of either AT deficiency or type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia." @default.
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- W2085890666 date "2009-04-01" @default.
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- W2085890666 title "Les résistances aux traitements curatifs par l’héparine non fractionnée" @default.
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- W2085890666 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2008.07.008" @default.
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