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- W2085949685 abstract "The port of Haifa was completed in 1932, and rodent and rodent ectoparasite surveys were undertaken from 1933 onwards, although their results were never published. The importance of these surveys was demonstrated when plague-infected rats were found in the port in May 1941 followed some months afterwards by 15 cases of human plague around the port. Plague-infected rats continued to be found until January 1943. All rats trapped were negative for plague from this date until June 1944 when infected rats once again appeared in the port; this was closely followed by an epidemic of 29 human cases with 10 deaths among port workers and in the surrounding town (Btesh, 1945). In July 1947 plague-infected rats were again found in the port. This had been preceded by the appearance of 1 human case of bubonic plague on June 26, and during the month of July, 15 additional cases appeared in the town, until the anti-plague work had its effect. This epidemic was one of the earliest to be controlled by the widespread use of D.D.T., although in this case, the major part of the work was done with a 5% D.D.T. spray, rather than with the now more conventional use of a 10% D.D.T. dust (MacKenziePollock, 1948). With the outbreak of civil disturbances and hostilities in Palestine in 19471948, the rodent ectoparasite surveys ceased, and were not again commenced until January 1954. This report summarizes the data of that survey, from January 1954 until July 1955. Rat-trapping was done throughout the port in warehouses, restaurants, offices etc.; baited, cage-type traps were used, the rats being transferred alive into cloth bags and then chloroformed and combed in the laboratory. They were then dissected and examined for any signs of plague. More recently blood samples have also been taken for murine typhus complement fixation tests; this will be reported on in a later paper. Only live-trapped rats were included in the survey. Rats found dead in or near the traps were examined only for signs of plague. A total of 1066 rats were examined for ectoparasites; of these 773, or 72.6% were Rattus norvegicus and 293, or 27.4% were R. rattus alexandrinus. 57% of the Norway rats and 56.3% of the roof rats were females. The two species of rats have been found together in the port, in varying proportions, since 1933, although R. rattus alexandrinus is quite rare in the surrounding city of Haifa. Fleas:" @default.
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- W2085949685 date "1957-06-01" @default.
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- W2085949685 title "A Rodent Ectoparasite Survey of Haifa Port" @default.
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- W2085949685 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3274360" @default.
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