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• W2086370201 abstract "Early Interpreters of Appalachian Culture Richard B. Drake In recent weeks, while working on a forthcoming book concerning Appalachian history from Indian times to the present, I have tried to choose some eight or nine persons to designate as early interpreters of Appalachian culture. Seeking the advice of others against my own biases, this project has led me into most interesting experiences. Locally in Berea there are several knowledgeable scholars and interpreters of Appalachia—Loyal Jones, Gordon McKinney, Gerald Roberts, and Shannon Wilson among others. I consulted all of them. When I called Gurney Norman at the University of Kentucky, he became quite interested in what he called your project, and waxed eloquent about the twelve or thirteen interpreters of Appalachian culture he thought should be included. Several of my consultants took considerable pains to clarify what should properly be considered early. Gurney suggested that William Bartram (1774) was surely early, but we two ended up considering only twentieth-century figures. Other consultants decided early meant, prior to the War on Poverty, thus excluding all who have been active primarily since 1960. Still, there was considerable agreement. Most of my consultants began their lists with William G. Frost, then on to John Fox, Jr., John C. Campbell (with Olive Dame Campbell), Horace Kephart, Emma Bell Miles, and finally to Harry Caudill and Cratis Williams. Gurney was careful to describe Fox's interpretation as particularly controversial among present-day scholars. However, his books were, and still are, broadly read. Gurney Norman saw Frost as a watershed figure, who operated from a clear platform and whose writings were crucial in drawing attention to the region. Moreover, for years, according to Gurney, the Campbells' Southern Highlander and His Homeland and Horace Kephart's Our Southern Highlanders presented the most widely read and largely dependable treatments of the region. Emma Bell Miles' Spirit of the Mountains was the lone, effective inside voice raised before Harry Caudill's widely read Night Comes to the Cumberlands, which was ready for use by the warriors on poverty. Cratis Williams' monumental dissertation, The Southern Mountaineer in Fact and Fiction, appeared in 1960. His subsequent work in folklore as well as his teaching and lecturing made him clearly the dean of Appalachian studies from the mid-1960s until his death. But what about the singers and folk musicians who did so much to bring the region's music to the attention of the nation? I asked. Loyal Jones noted that the singers interpreted the region through the songs they sang, but observed that this is different from those who spoke to the 'outside' for the region. Yet on second thought, he included on his list ofmajor interpreters Bascomb Lamar Lunsford and Bradley Kincaid —Lunsford for his nearly three decades of running an influential folk festival and Kincaid for his role in bringing traditional ballads to American radio. Others of Loyal's choices included Cecil Sharp, and of course Jean Ritchie. One consultant included Jane Gentry, a principal source for Sharp's collection English Foïksongsfrom the Southern Appalachians. Others insisted the Carter Family was tremendously important, because their warmth and skill as performers of regional music drew listeners from all over the country to the musical culture of the southern mountains. Then what about Allen Eaton, who called attention to the region's artisans? And what of the home-grown media folks, who have brought regional voices to the fore for more than a generation—especially Tom and Pat Gish, whose Mountain Eagle has collected some forty journalistic awards, and the people at Appalshop. Then ofcourse there is James Still, whose literary output since the 1940s has given us a sympathetic and authentic voice, and whose teaching and lecturing have informed us all. There are others: Doris Ulman, whose photographs from the 1920s present mountain people with realism and grace; and Leonard Roberts, whose folktale collecting gave us the contexts from which these stories came. Though he did not have a national reputation, his books and lectures gave new and deeper dimension to our apprehension of folk tales. Naturally, Jesse Stuart was on some lists, for his enthusiastic optimism and the dignity he acknowledged in the people from the..." @default.
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• W2086370201 title "Early Interpreters of Appalachian Culture" @default.
• W2086370201 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/aph.2000.0018" @default.
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