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• W2087022718 abstract "Abstract This paper presents a new interpretation methodology of 4D seismic data to determine the steam-chamber distribution generated by the SAGD operation in the Athabasca oil sands. Thin mudstone layers and abrupt changes in facies present difficulties upon SAGD implementation. 3D seismic surveys were conducted in 2002 to aid in understanding of the facies distribution, and in 2006 to evaluate SAGD performance. Two methods are demonstrated to estimate the steam-chamber areal distribution. The first approach is based on comparison of seismic traveltime maps from the two 3D surveys, and the second method uses the interval P-wave velocity (Vp) from the top to the bottom of the reservoir transformed from the seismic traveltime. We formulated a petrophysical model that expresses Vp as a function of temperature, pressure, and water saturation based on the previous experimental measurements of seismic velocity with oil-sands cores. Scaling factors for Vp reduction were first estimated to adjust the laboratory scale to field scale and distributions of Vp reduction and traveltime changes corresponding to the steam-chamber conditions were calculated. Vp and traveltime maps that reflect the high pressure and high temperature zones generated by the SAGD process were obtained and distributions of Vp reduction and travel time were calculated with the petrophysical model in order to decouple composite effects of temperature and pressure. Effects of pressure were assumed to be areally more extensive than temperature effects. By distinguishing high temperature and high pore-pressure zones from low temperature and high pore-pressure zones, the steam-chamber distribution was determined. The steam-chamber distribution obtained by the traveltime approach did not show a very good agreement with the well production performance, while the Vp approach presented consistent results. The bitumen volume in the steam-chamber zone estimated by the new approach was calculated, and compared with the actual bitumen production. The methodology demonstrated here can be applied to other 4D seismic data at fields under thermal recovery processes. Introduction In the 21st century, development of unconventional oil and gas resources has become increasingly important because it is becoming harder and more costly to find and produce conventional and lighter oils. Canadian oil sands have received a lot of attention in recent years as unconventional oil resources because of their rich reserves, and have been developed with in-situ recovery methods since late 80's. As bituminous and super-heavy oil complicates their production using normal thermal techniques, a variety of methods have been developed. In general, injection of heat or solvents is used extensively to decrease high viscosity. The SAGD technique that was first designed by Butler (1992, 1994) is one of the most effective steam injection methods and it has been widely applied in Canadian oil-sand reservoirs. The steam movement is highly influenced by complex substructure in reservoirs. In order to monitor the three-dimensional steam movement, the time-lapse (or 4D) seismic survey has been applied. In the oil-sands located in Western Canada, several cases have been studied (e.g. Matthews 1992; Eastwood et al. 1994). All have shown that repeated seismic surveys can detect the decrease of seismic P-wave velocities that occur due to steam injection. Schmitt (2004, 2005) showed a basic idea about quantitative interpretation of 4D seismic on heavy-oil reservoirs by applying Gassmann's relation that is often used to estimate the properties in sand reservoirs. Zhang et al. (2007) presented reservoir architectures and steam-chamber growth at the Christina Lake oil-sand reservoir by applying the above idea." @default.
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• W2087022718 date "2009-10-04" @default.
• W2087022718 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2087022718 title "A New Interpretation Method of 4D Seismic for Estimating Steam Chamber Extent" @default.
• W2087022718 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/124525-ms" @default.
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