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• W2087492893 abstract "This article details how the fund-raising efforts of Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference in the wake of the 1963 Birmingham protests transformed the finances of the SCLC. Having struggled to sustain itself prior to 1963, the SCLC experienced a massive influx of donations. Contributions were sparked by outrage at police brutality in Birmingham but the impulse to give had to be systematically channeled to optimize the windfall: rallies, newspaper appeals and direct mail generated funds. Based on new archival research, this article presents an analysis of the timing of donations which shows that donations peak over a month after the media coverage of the children’s marches in Birmingham because it took time to organize the public events that encouraged giving. The article also offers the first analysis of the geographical distribution of donations, demonstrating the primacy of New York and California as sources for SCLC funds. By examining the fund-raising events in different cities, the ability of the SCLC to tap into church networks, union supporters, and Jewish American groups of sympathizers is confirmed. At the same time, it becomes clear that support is selective: not all black churches or all unions gave. The SCLC had to work hard to secure church donations and even within liberal unions such as the UAW, donations came primarily from local branches that had mainly African American members. Jewish donations tended to be from individuals rather than institutions. The article points out that the loss of administrative staff over the course of 1963 weakened efforts to professionalize fund-raising, leaving the SCLC highly reliant on individual donations triggered by headline-grabbing public clashes. The protest style of Birmingham was thus integral to the SCLC’s future approach to both the pursuit of federal action and its own financial survival. At the same time, the article links its discussion of the surge of donations to the SCLC to demonstrate that the pattern of resource mobilization evident in relation to the civil rights movement in the summer of 1963 was distinctive. It marked a level of movement development that was different from that evident earlier and the volatility of support in subsequent years suggests that the emphasis on continuity within the new scholarship of the “long civil rights movement” is mistaken. The breadth of appeal of the civil rights movement in the summer of 1963 made it different in character as well as composition from the March on Washington Movement of 1940 or the movements that supported Black Power goals in the early 1970s. While the freedom struggle was long and continues, the movement of the Sixties was distinctive and protean." @default.
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• W2087492893 date "2012-12-01" @default.
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• W2087492893 title "Backing Dr King: the financial transformation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1963" @default.
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• W2087492893 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/17541328.2012.721585" @default.
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