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- W2088049897 abstract "The motivation of Duroc×Landrace pigs, Sus scrofa, to avoid acute exposure to two concentrations of atmospheric ammonia was assessed using operant conditioning. On a fixed interval concurrent avoidance schedule, where each response (root) made on one operant manipulandum was followed by exposure to puffs of ammonia at 100 ppm, six food-motivated pigs initially avoided rooting for food reinforcement on the ammoniated manipulandum; a control manipulandum, vented only with fresh air, was preferred instead (42 and 16 roots, five and 13 reinforcements respectively; P 0.05). However, significantly more roots were made and more food reinforcements were received in fresh air and 40 ppm ammonia than in 100 ppm ammonia (345, 365 and 241 roots, respectively, P=0.046; 43, 50 and 37 reinforcements respectively, P=0.02). This aversion was stronger after repeated testing over eight daily sessions (P<0.001), each lasting for 90 min, yet many roots were still made and reinforcements were received on each manipulandum. The initial avoidance of 100 ppm ammonia under a concurrent operant conditioning schedule was due to the irritant rather than novel effects of ammonia exposure. This aversion was however, weak. Ammonia at 100 ppm was not completely avoided and acclimatization was rapid." @default.
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- W2088049897 date "1998-06-01" @default.
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- W2088049897 title "Operant responses of pigs to atmospheric ammonia" @default.
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- W2088049897 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(97)00130-5" @default.
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