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- W2088466295 abstract "As an introduction, the general thermodynamic treatments for binary cation exchange are reviewed. The normal choice of standard states for the cations in the clay phase, and commonly used thermodynamic formulations with different scales of measurement are both discussed. The definition of standard states for the clay phase which is due to Gaines & Thomas ( J. chem. Phys . 21, 714 (1953)) is considered in most detail ; the effect of water activity changes in the homo-ionic forms of the clay on the magnitude of the cation activity coefficients is considered. In the main part of the paper, three topics of current interest are considered. First, the current controversies regarding the appropriate choice of measurement scale for exchange reactions in clays are reviewed, together with the consequent implications that a particular choice of concentration scale have regarding the definition of ideal behaviour in the exchange phase. It is emphasized that thermodynamic formulations in terms of either the cationic mole fraction scale or the equivalent function scale are equally valid. Second, some recent developments concerning the thermodynamics of ternary and multicomponent exchange are reviewed. The question as to whether multicomponent equilibria may be predicted from binary data alone is briefly discussed, and recent rigorous thermodynamic formulations of Chu & Sposito ( J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am . (1981)) and Fletcher & Townsend ( J. chem. Soc. Faraday Trans . II 77, 955; 965; 2077 (1981)) are compared. These formulations, also based on different measurement scales, are shown to be compatible and complementary. Finally, the question of site heterogeneity in clays is considered briefly, and some current attempts to interpret non-ideal behaviour in the exchange reaction in terms of this phenomenon are discussed." @default.
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- W2088466295 date "1984-06-14" @default.
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- W2088466295 title "Thermodynamics of ion exchange in clays" @default.
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- W2088466295 doi "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1984.0030" @default.
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