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• W2088851566 abstract "purpose. α-Toxin mediates extreme corneal damage during Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Chemical inhibition of this toxin was sought to provide relief from toxin-mediated pathology. methods. Inhibition of α-toxin by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.1% methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), or CD plus cholesterol (0.1%, CD-cholesterol) was assayed by hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Pathologic changes in rabbit corneas injected with 12 hemolytic units of α-toxin suspended in PBS, 1% CD, or 1% CD-cholesterol were compared over time. Rabbit corneas injected with 102 colony forming units (CFU) of S. aureus were treated from 7 to 13 hours postinfection (PI) with a total of 15 drops of CD-cholesterol, CD, or PBS. Slit lamp examination (SLE) and measurement of erosions were performed at 13 hours PI and bacteria were quantified at 14 hours PI. results. Toxin-mediated lysis of erythrocytes was inhibited up to 16,000-fold in the presence of CD-cholesterol compared with CD or PBS. Eyes injected with α-toxin mixed with CD-cholesterol had, at 7 hours postinjection, significantly smaller erosions than eyes injected with α-toxin in PBS or α-toxin mixed with CD (P = 0.0090 and P = 0.0035, respectively). Eyes infected with S. aureus and treated with CD-cholesterol had significantly lower SLE scores than eyes treated with CD or PBS (P ≤ 0.0103 and P ≤ 0.0017, respectively); however, there were no differences in the number of bacteria present (P ≥ 0.0648). conclusions. CD-cholesterol is a potent inhibitor of α-toxin activity in vitro and an effective means to arrest corneal damage during S. aureus keratitis." @default.
• W2088851566 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2088851566 date "2009-01-10" @default.
• W2088851566 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2088851566 title "Chemical Inhibition of Alpha-Toxin, a Key Corneal Virulence Factor of Staphylococcus aureus" @default.
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• W2088851566 doi "https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-3157" @default.
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