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- W2089519959 abstract "Effects of deep convection on the precipitation rate R leading to variations in radar meteorological Z–R relations are studied. The basic contributions to this subject come from vertical and horizontal air motions as well as decreasing air density with height. Their influence on Z–R relations is investigated both with an analytical approach from cloud microphysics distinguishing between two characteristic spectral forms, and a mesoscale bulk model case study of a single cumulonimbus cloud. The precipitation rate is strongly affected by deep convective motions leading to increased mean value and standard deviation of the prefactor a in Z–R relations Z=aRb. To a lesser extent, density stratification tends to diminish the prefactor. The exponent b, which can, without deep convection, vary from b=1 to b=7/4 depending on characteristic spectral form, remains unaffected by any of the dynamical effects studied here. Values of b can only be altered by such changes of the particle spectra, which affect the distribution of terminal velocity with hydrometeor size: in practice, this implies phase changes or variations in composition of the mixed-type hydrometeor ensemble. In spite of the variations in Z–R relations found in the present study, when performing an average over the whole cloud and precipitation volume, standard Z–R relations proposed for stagnant air still hold in a statistical sense. Furthermore, the effects of vertical air density gradients can be compensated, which should also help to improve quantitative rainfall estimates at large ranges from the radar site." @default.
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- W2089519959 date "2001-10-01" @default.
- W2089519959 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2089519959 title "The influence of deep convective motions on the variability of Z–R relations" @default.
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- W2089519959 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(01)00107-7" @default.
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