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- W2089833092 abstract "Since the first animal genomes were completely sequenced ten years ago, evolutionary biologists have attempted to use the encoded information to reconstruct different aspects of the earliest stages of animal evolution. One of the most important uses of genome sequences is to understand relationships between animal phyla. Despite the wealth of data available, ranging from primary sequence data to gene and genome structures, our lack of understanding of the modes of evolution of genomic characters means that using these data is fraught with potential difficulties, leading to errors in phylogeny reconstruction. Improved understanding of how different character types evolve, the use of this knowledge to develop more accurate models of evolution, and denser taxonomic sampling, are now minimizing the sources of error. The wealth of genomic data now being produced promises that a well-resolved tree of the animal phyla will be available in the near future. Since the first animal genomes were completely sequenced ten years ago, evolutionary biologists have attempted to use the encoded information to reconstruct different aspects of the earliest stages of animal evolution. One of the most important uses of genome sequences is to understand relationships between animal phyla. Despite the wealth of data available, ranging from primary sequence data to gene and genome structures, our lack of understanding of the modes of evolution of genomic characters means that using these data is fraught with potential difficulties, leading to errors in phylogeny reconstruction. Improved understanding of how different character types evolve, the use of this knowledge to develop more accurate models of evolution, and denser taxonomic sampling, are now minimizing the sources of error. The wealth of genomic data now being produced promises that a well-resolved tree of the animal phyla will be available in the near future. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington bilaterally symmetrical animals; synonymous with triploblasts because they possess three tissue layers – ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Bilateria contain deuterostomes and protostomes and exclude poriferans (sponges), cnidarians (jellyfish and corals), placozoans (Trichoplax) and ctenophores (sea gooseberries). the sudden appearance of many of the extant bilaterian animal phyla in the fossil record 530–540 million years ago. a speciation event resulting in two monophyletic groups or clades of organisms. a major division of Bilateria; contains the phyla Chordata, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and Xenacoelomorpha. a major division of Protostomia; ecdysozoan phyla include Arthropoda, Nematoda and Priapulida. convergent evolution of a given character state in unrelated lineages. Homoplasy leads to the incorrect grouping of unrelated species on phylogenetic trees. LBA is an error of tree reconstruction resulting from undetected convergent evolution (homoplasy) in unrelated branches of phylogenetic trees. These homoplasies are more likely to occur along long branches, leading to the artefactual clustering of long-branch taxa. LBA could arise from rapid evolution in a subset of species, or because one or more species are particularly evolutionarily distant from others, or from a combination (e.g. rapidly evolving nematodes are attracted to the phylogenetically distant fungi). LBA affects all types of tree-reconstruction methods to some degree, but probabilistic models are generally better able to infer the existence of convergent changes. a major division of Protostomia; lophotrochozoan phyla include Mollusca, Annelida and Platyhelminthes. an evolutionary tree of relationships, also called a phylogenetic tree. primitive or ancestral character states. These can be shared (symplesiomorphies) by a subset of species of interest but, being primitive, will also be present in more distantly related taxa. Symplesiomorphies cannot be used to infer close relationships between the species that share them. a major division of Bilateria; contains Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. derived or novel character states shared by two or more taxa – these then constitute a monophyletic group (clade) whose common ancestor also possessed the character state. The character will not be present in any outgroups to the clade and therefore is unique to and defines the clade." @default.
- W2089833092 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2089833092 date "2011-05-01" @default.
- W2089833092 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W2089833092 title "Improving animal phylogenies with genomic data" @default.
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- W2089833092 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2011.02.003" @default.
- W2089833092 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21414681" @default.
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