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• W2089846713 abstract "PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the psychological skills of representative teams of the University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, previously the 2003 National Universiade. METHODS: Subjects. The total sample were 265 athletes, their average age was 19.87 years and 70% male and 30% female. The classification of the performance was: the elite athletes had participated in international competitions; pre elite athletes in national competitions, and the non-elite athletes in regional competitions. Instrument. The representative teams were assessed using the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS R-5 adapted toward Spanish). Procedures. Voluntary participation of coaches and athletes was secured through a letter of authorization of the same participants, in which they were confidentiality assured and assured that responses were used for research purposes only. The administration was carried out in collective or individual form in the different sports centers, or at practices according to training schedules. The necessary average time to respond to the questionnaire was 10 minutes. RESULTS: A significant unvaried main effect for gender favoring the women was observed for the skill of confidence [F (1, 256) = 6.332, p=.013], but men scored higher on team emphasis [F (1,256) =4.998, p=.026]. Univariate analyses for type of sport (team vs. individual) indicated that the skill of team emphasis was greater in the individual sports, and smaller in the group sports [F (1, 263) = 4.22, p=0.48]. Thought the effect size was not large, this finding was somewhat counterintuitive. Finally, univariate follow ups revealed that motivation skills were higher in group and in individual sports [F(1, 263)= 18.116, p<.01]. Differences in the skills between performance level were assessed with an ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests. Resulted indicated that the elite athletes significantly outperformed both pre-elite and non-elite athletes in skills of concentration [F (2, 201) =5.08, p<.01] and mental preparation [F (2, 201) = 5.16, p<.010]. CONCLUSIONS: The most consistent observation of this investigation was that a difference in psychological skill exists between gender, type of sport and level of performance. We found differences among the psychological skills of different sports in their research among the athletics, the fencing and the gymnastics. Besides, we found that the women had greater self confidence that the men and the elite athletes outperformed in skills of concentration." @default.
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• W2089846713 date "2006-05-01" @default.
• W2089846713 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2089846713 title "Psychological skills by Mexican universities athletes University of Nuevo León" @default.
• W2089846713 doi "https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-01874" @default.
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