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- W2090336689 abstract "The selectivity of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes, DDS-995, have been measured in reverse osmosis experiments with different organic solutes, mostly hydroxy compounds. As shown by Spiegler and Kedem (1) the selectivity, represented by the reflection coefficient, σ, can be expressed by an exclusion term and a kinetic term: The question now arise: Which term is the most important from a reverse osmosis viewpoint and why? To through light on this, we have measured the distribution coefficients for water and solute and the diffusivity of the solute, by desorption and time-lag measurements on homogeneous membranes of the same material. This clearly demonstrates that both terms are important, but very dependent on the solute: For the solutes methanol, butanol and hexanol the distribution coefficient increases with a factor 1:14:140, while the diffusivity decreases with a factor 1:11:64. This explains why methanol and butanol have almost the same positive retention by reverse osmosis, though the mechanism is quite different. Also it explains why hexanol has a negative retention: Because the exclusion term has increased much more than the kinetic term has decreased. The data show an obvious relation between the diffusivity and the size of the solute, whereas the relation for the distribution coefficient is more uncertain. To see if the solvent has any influence on the separation mechanism we have done some measurements with methanol as solvent. This has a very pronounced effect: For hexanol the distribution coefficient decreases with a factor 60, while the diffusivity increases with a factor 15. The data show that both the interaction with the solvent fase and the membrane fase determines the sorption mechanism for the solute: Thus a low solubility normally gives a high distribution coefficient for the solute." @default.
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- W2090336689 title "The mechanism of reverse osmosis separation of organic solutes using cellulose acetate membranes" @default.
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- W2090336689 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(00)88070-4" @default.
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