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• W2090499900 abstract "To the Editor: Lieberman et al1 alleged finding increased chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in the lymphocytes of eight patients, which they concluded were due to exposure to organophosphate pesticides. This report has several major deficiencies that prevent drawing any conclusion from these data. These weaknesses include inadequate documentation of exposure, lack of a concurrent control group, and inappropriate laboratory methodology. Each is discussed in detail below. Lieberman et al imply that exposure occurred during routine but improper application in the home. Nothing is reported to document that an exposure occurred (analytical measurements, hospital records, or patients' recollections), the magnitude of exposure, or that any steps were taken to identify other possible causes. Insufficient information was presented on how patients and data were selected for inclusion in this publication. The authors state that they selected the next group of poisoned patients. Did the next six subjects present themselves as a group or individually? Are any related, as were the first two subjects? Under what circumstances did these subjects present to the Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine? Better characterization of the subjects and the selection criteria, if any, is crucial to making a scientific determination of this report. No data were presented on chromosomal aberrations or SCEs from a concurrent group of age- and sex-matched control subjects. Instead, the authors derived their conclusions from a reference range observed more than a decade ago.2 Such a practice is scientifically indefensible because numerous factors can influence the background rates. Specifically, the background frequency of SCEs is affected by incubation temperature,3 the batch and type of serum used in the culture medium,4 and the concentration of bromodeoxyuridine used to visualize SCEs.5 Furthermore, it has been shown that repeat sampling from the same people over a period of time can yield significantly different SCE frequencies.6 Hence, it is essential that lymphocyte cultures from a concurrent control population be examined under the same culture conditions, preferably concurrently, as the authors allegedly exposed. This article did not provide methodological details that are essential for studies of this nature. These include (a) the type of culture medium, (b) the concentration of bromodeoxyuridine, (c) the number of cells analyzed for SCEs, and (d) the criteria for selecting metaphases for aberration scoring. Additionally, some of the technical aspects of the study appear to be unconventional, eg, treatment of cultures with bromodeoxyuridine only during the first 24 hours of culture versus the standard practice of adding bromodeoxyuridine either at the beginning or 24 hours after mitogen stimulation and leaving it in until the time of culture harvest at 72 hours. In summary, the brief report by Lieberman et al is characterized by poor documentation of actual exposure, lack of a concurrent control group, and unconventional laboratory methodology. We are not reassured of the validity of these data, given the errors, which include the citation of an irrelevant paper on AIDS for workers who produce organophosphate pesticides. It must be emphasized that whenever a set of biological data is generated without proper controls or laboratory practices, it cannot be used to evaluate causality and is of limited value when generating an hypothesis. Bhaskar Gollapudi, PhD Carol Burns, PhD, MPH The Dow Chemical Company; Midland, MI" @default.
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• W2090499900 title "Genotoxicity From Domestic Use of Organophosphate Pesticides" @default.
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• W2090499900 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199906000-00004" @default.
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