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• W2090881315 abstract "Knowledge and Recollection in the Phaedo: An Interpretation of 74a-75b RICHARD J. KETCHUM ON THE TRADITIONAL INTERPRETATION of the argument in the Phaedo that learning is recollection, equal sticks fall short of the equal itself in that equal sticks are not quite equal.' The inconsistencies involved in this interpretation have been pointed out in recent literature. Little has been done, however, by way of providing an alternative interpretation. 3 What follows is an interpretation that, if successful, shows the argument to be far more plausible than it is usually thought to be. I will deal with only that part of the argument that purports to prove that we knew the equal before we began to use our senses--the argument of 74a-75b. I. When Plato writes that equal sticks strive, wish, or desire to be such as the equal itself, he is using metaphors that are fairly clearly to be understood in terms of the nonmetaphorical assertion at 74d6-7: equal sticks are not equal in the way that [ofixc0q... &anep] that itself which is (equal is equal), but rather they fall short of the equal with respect to being such as it.' The problem of understanding the metaphors reduces to the problem of understanding what is intended by this claim. ' See, for example, A. E. Taylor, Plato: The Man and His Work (New York: Meridian, 1956), p. 118; J. Burnet, Plato'sPhaedo (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911),pp. 65, 75; R. S. Bluck, Plato'sPhaedo (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1955), pp. 178-79; R. Hackforth, Plato's Phaedo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972), p. 76. 2 j. Gosling, Similarity in Plato's Phaedo; 73b seq., Phronesis 10 (1965):151-61; K. Dorter, Equality, Recollection and Purification, Phronesis 17 (1972):204-5; D. Gallop, Plato. Phaedo (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), pp. 127-30. Dorter, Equality, Recollection and Purification, has argued that equal sticks are inferior to equality not in the degree of equality, but in the degree of clarity, precision and certitude with which they are capable of manifesting equality, i.e., of appearing equal (pp. 206-7). But this interpretation, like the traditional interpretation, cannot be generalized to cover such Forms as the greater and the less as the argument requires (75c--d). One can be as certain that a given mountain is greater than a given ant hill as one can be of anything. Furthermore, if Plato argues that the equal itself is different from equal sticks on the grounds that they appear different to us, the argument of 74b--c does not clarify in what way equal sticks fall short of the equal itself. Plato could justifiably claim that equal sticks fall short of the equal itself with respect to appearing such as it but not with respect to being such as it. See Resp., 523a ft., where it is denied that the problem of the unity of opposites is due to our misperceiving things. ' That et6x6 x6 6/~oxlv is merely an abbreviation'of u6x6 x6 6/~oxtv ~oov is shown by the occurrence of the latter expression at 75bl-2. My insertion of the predicate is equal is justified by the grammar of ... o6xtoq Iaa e|vm ~a~eO 9 9 . (see Gallop, Phaedo, p. 128). Thus, it is assumed, either without argument, or by virtue of the concession at 74a9-12, that Forms are self predicable, i.e., that sentences of the form The Fis F are true. (This seems to be overlooked by R. P. Haynes, The Form of Equality as a Set of Equals, Phaedo, 74b-c, Phronesis 9 [1964]:20-26 ) [2431 244 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY The natural place to look for an explanation of its meaning is the much discussed argument 74b-c that proves the nonidentity of equal sticks and the equal itself.5 To be sure, it does not follow from the fact that an equal stick is not identical to the equal that they are equal in different ways. But if their nonidentity is proven by showing that they are equal in different ways, our problem is solved. To avoid repetition of arguments that already occur in the literature I will simply assume here..." @default.
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• W2090881315 title "Knowledge and Recollection in the Phaedo : An Interpretation of 74a-75b" @default.
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