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• W2090930576 abstract "Both breastfeeding initiation and duration increased in Peru during 1977-86. Although one would have expected that the average incidence and duration of breastfeeding would have declined as a result of changes in population characteristics, the potential for an overall decline was more than overcome by changes in behavior. A net increase in initiation and duration is shown for all subgroups of interest. The largest absolute increases are documented for children who, in 1977, were the least likely to be breastfed and who were breastfed for the shortest durations.Demographers compared current-status data on 3560 surviving singleton live births born to ever married women in Peru (1977-1978 World Fertility Survey) with 816 such births (1986 Demographic and Health Surveys) to examine changes in breast feeding behavior. More women were educated (secondary or higher, 35.9% vs. 21.2%), employed outside of the home (60.7% vs. 46.5%), and used contraceptives (34% vs. 20.8%) in 1986 than in 1977. Yet, mean duration of breast feeding and percent of ever breast fed children increased (14.3-17.1 months and 91.7-95.8%). The largest absolute significant increases occurred among women who, in 1977, were the least likely to breast feed and to breast feed for the shortest durations (urban women, highly educated women, professional women, and modern contraceptive users). These findings indicate that reductions in breast feeding incidence and duration are not necessarily inevitable as a society undergoes modernization. Between the two surveys, Peru's Ministry of Health had breast feeding promotion campaigns that stressed breast feeding during diarrheal episodes. They postulated that these campaigns were successful because the population already had adequate access to health care providers and to the mass media. Another possible factor contributing to the improvements in breast feeding patterns was the severe economic crisis in the early 1980s. Poor and uneducated women may have turned to breast milk as a substitute for other infant foods. These two possibilities raise some concerns. If the economy improves, the poor and uneducated may reduce breast feeding, but, if the breast feeding promotion campaigns indeed had the most impact, continuation of these campaigns would offset any declines and have a lasting impact on breast feeding behavior." @default.
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• W2090930576 date "1993-09-01" @default.
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• W2090930576 title "Changes in breastfeeding initiation and duration in Peru, 1977–1986" @default.
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• W2090930576 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1993.9988849" @default.
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