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- W2090941196 abstract "Abstract Subjects vocalized lists of six visual consonant letters for the immediate probed recall of a single item. They were instructed either to vocalize all items in a monotone way or, alternatively, to read the third and sixth item with an inflected voice. Thus, subjects were encouraged either to treat all items as a single group or as two smaller groups. Rival predictions on recall latency were tested, derived from (a) positional cueing theory (Sanders 1975), and (b) perturbation theory (Estes 1972). Reaction time (RT) of vocal recall of a single item was measured as a function of its serial position (SP). The position of the requested item was signalled by a positional probe presented immediately after the list. The probe initiated the RT interval. In the monotone condition, RT and error rate were bow-shaped functions of SP. Voice inflection greatly reduced mean RT and errors at SP 3, 4 and 5, in particular at SP 4. However, there were no effects at SP 1, 2 and6. It is argued that voice inflection causes grouping of the items. The data partly contradict the perturbation model, which explains effects of SP and grouping in terms of loss of order information during storage. The results generally support positional cueing theory, which states that auxiliary cues are created at the boundary between the two groups. These cues facilitate retrieval of middle-of-the-list items. Speed and accuracy of recall suggest that an item associated to a positional cue can be retrieved by fast direct access, whereas other items must be retrieved by a time consuming serial search. Hence, grouping creates additional pathways for retrieval rather than changing the storage mode." @default.
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- W2090941196 date "1984-02-01" @default.
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- W2090941196 title "Effects of grouping on recall latency" @default.
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- W2090941196 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(84)90056-8" @default.
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