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• W2091208207 abstract "Abstract The present study was designed to quantify the effect of manure application on fish performance and on the ecology of the ponds. Ponds stocked with common carp, tilapia hybrids, silver carp and grass carp received dry chicken manure as the only nutritional input, at three different rates: the standard level used at Dor (50 kg dry matter ha −1 day −1 , increasing by 25 kg ha −1 day −1 every 2 weeks up to 175 kg ha −1 day −1 , half of it, and twice the standard. Ecological data included water and sediment parameters, and were analysed through factor analysis and ANOVA. Organic loading increased in two directions, time and treatment. The main sources of variability in the system were related to time. The low effect of treatment was shown in both fish performance and ecological parameters. Of the fish parameters tested, only total yield and common carp growth rate and vield increased with manuring rate. Water quality variability was mainly related to photosynthesis-decomposition balance and algal and bacterial action to metabolize nitrogen, processes which were affected by time and not by manuring rate. A third source of variability in the water column, the respiration of the system, was lower in the treatment with the lower manuring rate. Manuring rate and time strongly affected ecological processes in the sediments: organic loading and anaerobic conditions increased and heterotrophic activity decreased with time and manuring rate, while microbial metabolization of nitrogen decreased with time and increased with manuring rate. The lack of treatment effect on growth and yield of all fish species, except common carp, seems to be related to this difference in the effect of manure level on water and sediment: while common carp feeds on the bottom and is more dependent on feed supplied than the other fish present in the pond, silver carp feeds on phytoplankton in the water body, and tilapia hybrids also favour natural foods of photosynthetic origin." @default.
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• W2091208207 date "1991-08-01" @default.
• W2091208207 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2091208207 title "Effects of manuring rate on ecology and fish performance in polyculture ponds" @default.
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• W2091208207 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90144-v" @default.
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