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- W2091286879 endingPage "2280" @default.
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- W2091286879 abstract "According to the two-state model of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, GPCRs isomerize from an inactive (R) state to an active (R*) state. In the R* state, GPCRs activate G-proteins. Agonist-independent R/R* isomerization is referred to as constitutive activity and results in an increase in basal G-protein activity, i.e. GDP/GTP exchange. Agonists stabilize the R* state and further increase, whereas inverse agonists stabilize the R state and decrease, basal G-protein activity. Constitutive activity is observed in numerous wild-type GPCRs and disease-causing GPCR mutants with increased constitutive activity. The human formyl peptide receptor (FPR) exists in several isoforms (FPR-26, FPR-98 and FPR-G6) and activates chemotaxis and cytotoxic cell functions of phagocytes through Gi-proteins. Studies in HL-60 leukemia cell membranes demonstrated inhibitory effects of Na+ and pertussis toxin on basal Gi-protein activity, suggesting that the FPR is constitutively active. However, since HL-60 cells express several constitutively active chemoattractant receptors, analysis of constitutive FPR activity was difficult. Sf9 insect cells do not express chemoattractant receptors and Gi-proteins and provide a sensitive reconstitution system for FPR/Gi-protein coupling. Such expression studies showed that FPR-26 is much more constitutively active than FPR-98 and FPR-G6 as assessed by the relative inhibitory effects of Na+ and of the inverse agonist cyclosporin H on basal Gi-protein activity. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggest that the E346A exchange in the C-terminus critically determines dimerization and constitutive activity of FPR. Moreover, N-glycosylation of the N-terminus seems to be important for constitutive FPR activity. Finally, we discuss some future directions of research." @default.
- W2091286879 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2091286879 creator A5040439170 @default.
- W2091286879 creator A5048159484 @default.
- W2091286879 date "2003-09-01" @default.
- W2091286879 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W2091286879 title "The human formyl peptide receptor as model system for constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptors" @default.
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