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- W2091290022 abstract "Abstract For a range of solvents it is found that the addition of ionic impurities to PVF2 solutions causes polar phases to form. Single crystals of gamma phase grown from dilute (0.01%) solution of commercial polymer have a folded ribbon morphology, but from pure radiation polymerized PVF2 both alpha and gamma crystals are pseudo-hexagonal lamellae. Concentrated (1%) solutions of PVF2 in dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) give thin films on evaporation. The usual product is a mixture of alpha and gamma phase, and the addition of salts such as KBr causes more gamma to form. Care must therefore be taken when casting films on salt disks for IR analysis as KBr dissolves readily in DMA. LiCl causes growth in the gamma phase and also in the beta phase at above 3 ppm LiCl in solution. At LiCl levels of 10 ppm in solution the film is beta + gamma, with no alpha detectable. Simple models of polar gamma crystals indicate that ions are strongly attracted to their polar faces. The electrostatic energy of a growing crystal is always small if there are many ions present, but without ions the depolarization field of a single domain polar crystal makes it unstable." @default.
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- W2091290022 date "1984-06-01" @default.
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- W2091290022 title "Solution grown crystals of poly(vinylidene fluoride): The effect of ionic species on growth" @default.
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- W2091290022 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/00150198408012757" @default.
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