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• W2091510265 abstract "Polyamines are small flexible organic polycations found in almost all cells. They likely existed in the last universal common ancestor of all extant life, and yet relatively little is understood about their biological function, especially in bacteria and archaea. Unlike eukaryotes, where the predominant polyamine is spermidine, bacteria may contain instead an alternative polyamine, sym-homospermidine. We demonstrate that homospermidine synthase (HSS) has evolved vertically, primarily in the α-Proteobacteria, but enzymatically active, diverse HSS orthologues have spread by horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria, bacteriophage, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses. By expressing diverse HSS orthologues in Escherichia coli, we demonstrate in vivo the production of co-products diaminopropane and N1-aminobutylcadaverine, in addition to sym-homospermidine. We show that sym-homospermidine is required for normal growth of the α-proteobacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum. However, sym-homospermidine can be replaced, for growth restoration, by the structural analogues spermidine and sym-norspermidine, suggesting that the symmetrical or unsymmetrical form and carbon backbone length are not critical for polyamine function in growth. We found that the HSS enzyme evolved from the alternative spermidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase. The structure of HSS is related to lysine metabolic enzymes, and HSS and carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase evolved from the aspartate family of pathways. Finally, we show that other bacterial phyla such as Cyanobacteria and some α-Proteobacteria synthesize sym-homospermidine by an HSS-independent pathway, very probably based on deoxyhypusine synthase orthologues, similar to the alternative homospermidine synthase found in some plants. Thus, bacteria can contain alternative biosynthetic pathways for both spermidine and sym-norspermidine and distinct alternative pathways for sym-homospermidine." @default.
• W2091510265 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2091510265 creator A5075919961 @default.
• W2091510265 date "2010-05-01" @default.
• W2091510265 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W2091510265 title "Evolution and Multifarious Horizontal Transfer of an Alternative Biosynthetic Pathway for the Alternative Polyamine sym-Homospermidine" @default.
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• W2091510265 doi "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.107219" @default.
• W2091510265 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2863184" @default.
• W2091510265 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20194510" @default.
• W2091510265 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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