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• W2091702009 abstract "Twenty-one microbial strains have been isolated from the red spots present on the marble of the façade of the Certosa of Pavia. These strains have been characterized and identified to the genus level using API test kits. As the pigmentation of these stains was previously attributed to minium (Pb3O4), the resistance to lead of the strains isolated was tested in a liquid medium. Thirteen strains showed resistance to lead nitrate at concentrations up to 500 ppm, while four, Pseudomonas vesicularis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptomyces sp., grew normally at 1300 ppm and with difficulty at 1500 ppm. In the presence of lead nitrate P. vesicularis and Streptomyces sp. showed a red and red-brown pigmentation in the cultures, respectively. The EDX analysis demonstrated that lead was associated with Streptomyces cells. Further investigations were carried out to assay the suitability of rapid molecular tests for the detection of isolates responsible for red stains directly on the biodeteriorated samples. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used on fifteen altered samples of artworks of different origins to detect B. cereus, chosen as test organism to set up the analytical method. The technique allowed for the detection of the organism in less than 24 h, including a 12-h enrichment step. Among the samples analyzed, B. cereus was detected via PCR only in samples from which it had been previously isolated with conventional techniques, i.e. samples from the Certosa of Pavia and Ca' D'Oro in Venice. The results indicate the potential usefulness of the molecular approach for the detection of alterative microorganisms on artworks. The advantages of the method in terms of speed, specificity and sensitivity in comparison with conventional ones are discussed. Se aislaron 21 cepas microbianas de las manchas rojas presentes en el mármol de la fachada de La Certosa de Pavia, y se caracterizaron e identificaron a nivel de género empleando el test API. Debido a que la pigmentación de las cepas fue previamente atribuida al minio (Pb3O4), se analizó la resistencia al plomo de estas cepas en un medio líquido. Trece cepas mostraron resistencia al nitrato de plomo en concentraciones superiores a 500 ppm, mientras que cuatro de ellas, Pseudomonas vesicularis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp. y Streptomices sp., se desarrollaron normalmente en 1300 ppm, y con dificultad en 1500 ppm. En cultivos en presencia de nitrato de plomo P. vesicularis y Streptomices sp. mostraron una pigmentación roja y roja-marrón, respectivamente. El análisis con EDX demostró que el plomo estaba asociado con células de Streptomices. Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo investigaciones para probar la idoneidad de test moleculares rápidos en la detección directa de los responsables de las manchas rojas en muestras biodeterioradas. La técnica PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) se usó en 15 muestras alteradas, procedentes de diferentes obras de arte, con el fin de detectar B. cereus, elegido como organismo prueba para establecer el método analítico. La técnica permitió la detección de organismos en menos de 24 horas, incluyendo un paso de 12 horas de enriquecimiento. B. cereus fue detectado vía PCR sólo en aquellas muestras en la que ya había sido aislado previamente con técnicas convencionales. Los resultados indican la utilidad potencial del enfoque molecular para la detección de microorganismos alterantes de obras de arte. Se discuten las ventajas del método en términos de velocidad, espicificidad y sensibilidad con respecto a los métodos convencionales." @default.
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• W2091702009 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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• W2091702009 title "Lead-resistant microorganisms from red stains of marble of the Certosa of Pavia, Italy and use of nucleic acid-based techniques for their detection" @default.
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• W2091702009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(97)00057-7" @default.
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