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• W2091990452 abstract "Urban areas often contain sizeable pockets of degraded land, such as inactive landfills, that could be reclaimed as wildlife habitat and as connecting links to enhance remnant natural areas. In the northeastern U.S., many such lands fail to undergo natural succession to woodland, instead retaining a weedy, herbaceous cover for many years. We hypothesize that seed dispersal is a limiting factor, and that a form of secondary succession could be stimulated by introducing clusters of trees and shrubs to attract avian seed dispersers. As a direct test, we censused a 1.5-ha experimental plantation on the Fresh Kills Landfill (Staten Island, New York) one year after installation, in search of evidence that the plantation was spreading or increasing in diversity. The 17 planted species, many from coastal scrub forests native to this region, were surviving well but contributed almost no seedlings to the area, in part because only 20% of the installed trees or shrubs were reproductive. Of the 1079 woody seedlings found, 95% came from sources outside the plantation; most (71%) were from fleshy-fruited, bird-dispersed plants from nearby woodland fringes. Although the restoration planting itself had not begun to produce seedlings, it did function as a site for attracting dispersers, who enriched the young community with 20 new species. One-fourth of all new recruits were from nine additional wind-dispersed species. Locations with a high ratio of trees to shrubs had proportionately more recruits, indicating that plant size contributed to disperser attraction. The density of new recruits of each species was dependent on distance from the nearest potential seed source. Introducing native species with the capacity to attract avian dispersers may be the key to success of many restoration programs. Areas urbanas usualmente contienen nucleos aislados de tamaño considerable de tierras degradadas, como vertederos públicos inactivos que pueden ser reclamados como hábitat para vida silvestre, y como vínculos de conección para ampliar áreas naturales remanentes. En el Noreste de Estados Unidos muchas de estas tierras fracasan en el proceso natural de sucesión hacia bosques en vez retienen por muchos años una cubierta herbácea de malezas. Nuestra hipótesis es que la dispersión de las semillas es un factor limitante. Una forma de sucesión secundaria puede ser simulada introduciendo conglomerados de árboles y arbustos, para atrear aves dispersoras de semillas. Como test directo nosotros sensamos 1.5-ha de una plantación experimental en el vertedero público de “Fresh Kills’ (Staten Island, New York) un año después de la instalación en la búsqueda de evidencia que demuestre que la plantación fue dispersada o incrementó en diversidad. Las 17 especies plantadas, muchas de arbustos costeros nativos de la región sobrevivieron bien, pero, prácticamente, no contribuyeron en semillas en el área, en parte porque sólamente el 20% de los árboles o arbustos instalados fueron reproductivos. EL 95% de las 1079 plántulas leñosas encontrados provienen de fuentes fuera de la plantación; la mayoría (71%) provinieron de frutos de plantas dispersadas por pájaros de tierras de bosques aledáneas. Si bien la restauración de la plantación en sí misma no ha comenzado a producir plántulas, ha funcionado como sitio para atraer dispersores, que han enriquecido las comunidades jóvenes con 20 nuevas especies. Un cuarto de todos los nuevos reclutas provinieron de nueve species dispersadas por el viento. Lugares con altas relaciones de árboles con respecto a arbustos tuvieron proporcionalmente más reclutas, indicando que el tamaño de la planta contribuyó a la atracción del dispersor. La densidad de los nuevos reclutas de cada especie fue dependiente de la distancia desde la fuente potencial de semillas más cercana. La introducción de especies nativas con la capacidad de atraer aves dispersoras puede ser la clave del suceso de muchos programas de restauración." @default.
• W2091990452 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2091990452 creator A5075957155 @default.
• W2091990452 date "1993-06-01" @default.
• W2091990452 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2091990452 title "Forest Restoration on a Closed Landfill: Rapid Addition of New Species by Bird Dispersal" @default.
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• W2091990452 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07020271.x" @default.
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