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• W2092131716 abstract "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 460,000 sudden cardiac deaths from a total of 728,743 cardiac-related deaths in 1999 in the United States [ [1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention State-specific mortality from sudden cardiac death–United States, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002; 51: 123-126 PubMed Google Scholar ]. About 36% of the sudden deaths were in-hospital cardiac arrest and 64% were out-of-hospital arrest [ [1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention State-specific mortality from sudden cardiac death–United States, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002; 51: 123-126 PubMed Google Scholar ]. About 18% of patients survive to discharge following in-hospital cardiac arrest [ 2 Nadkarni V.M. Larkin G.L. Peberdy M.A. et al. First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest among children and adults. JAMA. 2006; 295: 50-57 Crossref PubMed Scopus (877) Google Scholar , 3 Peberdy M.A. Kaye W. Ornato J.P. et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2003; 58: 297-308 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (945) Google Scholar ], whereas only 2% to 9% of patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to discharge [ 4 Herlitz J. Andersson E. Bang A. et al. Experiences from treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 17 years in Goteborg. Eur Heart J. 2000; 21: 1251-1258 Crossref PubMed Scopus (140) Google Scholar , 5 Nichol G. Laupacis A. Stiell I.G. et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of potential improvements to emergency medical services for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27: 711-720 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar , 6 Eckstein M. Stratton S.J. Chan L.S. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Evaluation in Los Angeles: CARE-LA. Ann Emerg Med. 2005; 45: 504-509 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (146) Google Scholar ]. Functional outcomes of survivors are variable, but poor-quality survival is common [ [7] Nichol G. Stiell I.G. Hebert P. et al. What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study. Acad Emerg Med. 1999; 6: 95-102 Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar ], with only 3% to 7% able to return to their previous level of functioning [ [8] Edgren E. Kelsey S. Sutton K. et al. The presenting ECG pattern in survivors of cardiac arrest and its relation to the subsequent long-term survival. Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial I Study Group. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1989; 33: 265-271 Crossref PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar ]. The prevalence of coma or persistent vegetative state among survivors represents an enormous burden on patients, their families, health care personnel, and resources. The economic impact of cardiac arrest was the subject of a cost-effectiveness study that compared continuing versus withholding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and ventilatory support after day 3. The estimated incremental cost of the more aggressive care strategy was $140,000 (1998 dollars) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for high-risk patients (three to five risk factors, 93% 2-month mortality) and $87,000/QALY for low-risk patients (zero to two risk factors, 49% mortality) [ [9] Hamel M.B. Phillips R. Teno J. et al. Cost effectiveness of aggressive care for patients with nontraumatic coma. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30: 1191-1196 Crossref PubMed Scopus (42) Google Scholar ]. The economic burden of survivors of anoxic brain injury also is great, with in-patient rehabilitation lasting a mean of 41.5 days and costing $44,181 per patient [ [10] Burke D.T. Shah M.K. Dorvlo A.S. et al. Rehabilitation outcomes of cardiac and non-cardiac anoxic brain injury: a single institution experience. Brain Inj. 2005; 19: 675-680 Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar ]." @default.
• W2092131716 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2092131716 date "2006-10-01" @default.
• W2092131716 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2092131716 title "Intensive Care for Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest: Therapeutic Hypothermia and Related Neuroprotective Strategies" @default.
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