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- W2092144962 abstract "Humans typically read at incredibly fast rates, because they predict likely occurring words from a given context. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to track the ultra-rapid hemodynamic responses of words presented every 280 ms in a naturally paced sentence context. We found a lower occipital deoxygenation to unpredictable than to predictable words. The greater hemodynamic responses to unexpected words suggest that the visual features of expected words have been pre-activated previous to stimulus presentation. Second, we tested opposing theoretical proposals about the role of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): Either OFC may respond to the breach of expectation; or OFC is activated when the present stimulus matches the prediction. A significant interaction between word frequency and predictability indicated OFC responses to breaches of expectation for low- but not for high-frequency words: OFC is sensitive to both, bottom-up processing as mediated by word frequency, as well as top-down predictions. Particularly, when a rare word is unpredictable, OFC becomes active. Finally, we discuss how a high temporal resolution can help future studies to disentangle the hemodynamic responses of single trials in such an ultra-rapid event succession as naturally paced reading." @default.
- W2092144962 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2092144962 creator A5004160936 @default.
- W2092144962 creator A5008957581 @default.
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- W2092144962 creator A5079686333 @default.
- W2092144962 date "2014-07-01" @default.
- W2092144962 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2092144962 title "Occipital and orbitofrontal hemodynamics during naturally paced reading: An fNIRS study" @default.
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