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- W2093173612 abstract "Endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected in 88%, 51%, 58% and 66% of 152 middle ears from patients suffering from otitis media with effusion. In this study the hypothesis that bacterial endotoxin, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and ICAM-1 induce the inflammatory process characteristic of otitis media with effusion was tested. Cultures of rabbit middle ear epithelium were exposed to endotoxin, TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta. The expression of ICAM-1 on the cell surfaces was measured with a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the cell layer. For TNF-alpha, 5 ng/ml significantly increased ICAM-1 expression, whereas 100 ng/ml had a toxic effect. For IL-1 beta, as little as 1 ng/ml produced a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression. Endotoxin stimulated ICAM-1 expression less strongly in concentrations from 100 ng/ml to 100 micrograms/ml. The findings indicate that stimulation of ICAM-1 by endotoxin is mediated, at least in part, by TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. It is concluded that endotoxin induces sustained inflammation in OME, and that this inflammation is mediated, at least in part, by the primary cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta." @default.
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- W2093173612 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W2093173612 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2093173612 title "Middle Ear Epithelium has Inflammatory Capacity" @default.
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- W2093173612 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/000164800454071" @default.
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