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• W2093206426 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 99, No. 5First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in Serbia PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in SerbiaM. Ignjatov, J. Gvozdanović-Varga, D. Milošević, Z. Nikolić, Ž. Ivanović, and T. PopovićM. IgnjatovSearch for more papers by this author, J. Gvozdanović-VargaSearch for more papers by this author, D. MiloševićSearch for more papers by this author, Z. NikolićSearch for more papers by this author, Ž. IvanovićSearch for more papers by this author, and T. PopovićSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Ignjatov J. Gvozdanović-Varga D. Milošević Z. Nikolić , Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Ž. Ivanović T. Popović , Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Published Online:29 May 2015https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1097-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During May and June 2014, previously unreported symptoms of a bacterial leaf spot were observed on commercial chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) in the Bačka region of Serbia. Up to 6,000 ha chard was grown in 2014. Disease symptoms developed after periods of cool and rainy weather and incidence ranged from 2 to 20%. Symptoms included brown angular leaf spots ∼5 to 15 mm in diameter that were often surrounded by yellow margins mostly on the edges of leaves. Ten symptomatic plants were sampled and from each, one symptomatic leaf was taken for isolations. Leaves were rinsed with water, dried at room temperature, and sections (2 × 2 mm) taken from the margins of necrotic tissue were macerated in sterile phosphate buffer and streaked onto nutrient agar with 5% (w/v) sucrose (NAS). After incubation, round, shiny, white colonies 2 to 3 mm in diameter were consistently obtained. A total of 20 bacterial strains found to be gram-negative, aerobic, and according to the results of LOPAT tests, all belonged to Pseudomonas Group Ia, which includes Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (Lelliott and Stead 1987). All tested strains showed oxidative metabolism of glucose, formed catalase, hydrolyzed esculin and gelatin, but were unable to hydrolyze starch, reduce nitrates, or produce indole. Strains produced acid from mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, erythritol, and sucrose, but not from trehalose and D-tartrate. Reactions were identical to those for reference strain P. syringae pv. syringae GSPB 1142, which was included for comparison. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (rep)-PCR was used for genetic fingerprinting of the 20 strains from chard, using the REP, ERIC, and BOX primers (Louws et al. 1994). All strains yielded identical banding patterns. The gyrB housekeeping gene was sequenced from three representative strains with primers GyrB-F and GyrB-R (Ferrente and Scortichini 2010). Sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession nos. KP027950, KP027951, and KP027952. BLAST showed that the partial gyrB gene sequences had 100% homology with P. syringae pv. syringae (KC852129). Pathogenicity tests were performed with three representative strains on cotyledons of 6-day-old chard cv. Srebrnolisna seedlings (five seedlings/strain) by pricking with a hypodermic needle dipped in each bacterial suspension of ∼106 CFU ml−1. Using the same method, reference strain P. syringae pv. syringae GSPB 1142 and sterile distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Following inoculation, seedlings were incubated in a growth chamber at 22 to 24°C with 80% relative humidity and a 12-h photoperiod. Symptoms observed after 6 to 7 days on seedlings were dark green, water-soaked spots from which the pathogen could be reisolated. Negative control plants were symptomless. Reisolates were confirmed to be the same bacterium using LOPAT tests and rep-PCR analysis. Pathogenicity was also confirmed using conventional tests described for P. syringae pv. syringae (Lelliott and Stead 1987). All strains caused deep black, necrotic lesions on lemon fruits, dark sunken spots on immature pear fruits, and water soaked lesions on bean pods. The phenotypic data, genetic analyses, and pathogenicity indicated that strains obtained from chard were P. syringae pv. syringae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae pv. syringae causing bacterial leaf spot of chard in Serbia. The economic importance of this pathogen could be reflected in the loss of chard leaf quality required for the market. Also, infected chard may serve as an inoculum source for many other cultivated crops since P. syringae pv. syringae has a wide host range.References:(1) Ferrante, P., and Scortichini, M. 2010. Plant Pathol. 59:954.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02304.x Crossref, ISI, Google Scholar(2) Lelliott, R. A., and Stead, D. E. 1987. Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Google Scholar(3) Louws, F. J., et al. 1994. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2286. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 99, No. 5 May 2015SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 29 May 2015Published: 29 May 2015First Look: 16 Dec 2014Accepted: 9 Dec 2014 Pages: 723-723 Information© 2015 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byPseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits))CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI Compendium" @default.
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• W2093206426 title "First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Chard (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> subsp. <i>cicla</i>) Caused by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> in Serbia" @default.
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