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- W2093706670 abstract "Increased free radical formation and altered redox state are of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including Systemic Lupus Erythematos (SLE). Free radicals are mainly derived from oxygen (Reactive Oxygen Species/ROS) and nitrogen (Reactive Nitrogen Species/RNS) at mitochondria, cellular membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as physiological responses to a variety of internal and external stress (Shah et al., 2011b). At low levels, they act as signalling molecules and at high levels, they damage organelles, particularly the mitochondria and causes irreversible damage to lipids, DNA and proteins, thus provoking cell death through several modes, including apoptosis and necrosis (Shah et al., 2013). In the last 2 decades, there has been substantial progress in understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress in pathogenesisof SLE and level of intracellular glutathione has been regarded as a checkpoint of oxidative stress (Shah et al., 2014). Altered signal transduction; mTOR is activated by relative depletion of glutathione and supplementation of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, replenishs intracellular glutathione and inhibitsmTOR signaling and diminished oxidative stress mediated damage in SLE (Fernandez and Perl, 2010). Management of disease through supplement of NAC andrapamycin has been showing promising therapy in SLE patients. Recently, several lines of evidence from genetic, cell biology and lupus animal model studies suggests a pivotal role of autophagy in mediating the occurrence and development of SLE (Alessandri et al., 2012). Interestingly, autophagy is regulated by mTOR pathway and mTOR is activated by relative depletion of glutathione. Thus, redox signaling may provide a link between altered autophagy and depletion of glutathione and autophagy regulation by replenishment of intracellular glutathione may have a therapeutic intervention for the management of disease." @default.
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- W2093706670 date "2014-03-01" @default.
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- W2093706670 title "GLUTATHIONE: A POSSIBLE LINK TO AUTOPHAGY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS" @default.
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- W2093706670 doi "https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2014.114.115" @default.
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