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• W2094012224 endingPage "474" @default.
• W2094012224 startingPage "465" @default.
• W2094012224 abstract "Chromatin is a well-known obstacle to transcription as it controls DNA accessibility, which directly impacts the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery. The recent burst of functional genomic studies provides new clues as to how transcriptional competency is regulated in this context. In this review, we discuss how these studies have shed light on a specialized subset of transcription factors, defined as pioneer factors, which direct recruitment of downstream transcription factors to establish lineage-specific transcriptional programs. In particular, we present evidence of an interplay between pioneer factors and the epigenome that could be central to this process. Finally, we discuss how pioneer factors, whose expression and function are altered in tumors, are also being considered for their prognostic value and should therefore be regarded as potential therapeutic targets. Thus, pioneer factors emerge as key players that connect the epigenome and transcription in health and disease. Chromatin is a well-known obstacle to transcription as it controls DNA accessibility, which directly impacts the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery. The recent burst of functional genomic studies provides new clues as to how transcriptional competency is regulated in this context. In this review, we discuss how these studies have shed light on a specialized subset of transcription factors, defined as pioneer factors, which direct recruitment of downstream transcription factors to establish lineage-specific transcriptional programs. In particular, we present evidence of an interplay between pioneer factors and the epigenome that could be central to this process. Finally, we discuss how pioneer factors, whose expression and function are altered in tumors, are also being considered for their prognostic value and should therefore be regarded as potential therapeutic targets. Thus, pioneer factors emerge as key players that connect the epigenome and transcription in health and disease. deposition of specific epigenetic modifications that label poised or functional enhancers. This can take place during development to allow delayed activation of enhancers. defined as the combination of parameters that influence its function and that include the distribution of nucleosomes and epigenetic modifications across the genome as well as higher-order folding and related three-dimensional organization (Box 1). a transcriptional regulatory element that activates its target gene over a distance. Functional enhancers are epigenetically marked, sparse of nucleosome, recruit transcription factors and can contact target gene promoters through chromatin looping. a transcriptional regulatory element that delineates chromatin domains acting as a barrier to the spread of epigenetic modifications or as an anchor for chromatin looping. Insulators are typically bound by the CTCF transcription factor. consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around histone octamers (made of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). defined as a specific class of transcription factors that is required and sufficient to trigger competency of transcriptional regulatory sites (Box 2). a transcriptional regulatory element found in the immediate proximity of the transcriptional start site of genes. Promoters recruit the basal transcriptional machinery and initiate transcription. sequence of DNA bound by transcription factors that regulate gene transcriptional levels. Regulatory elements comprise promoters, enhancers and insulators." @default.
• W2094012224 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2094012224 creator A5004938979 @default.
• W2094012224 creator A5033292960 @default.
• W2094012224 creator A5091827744 @default.
• W2094012224 date "2011-11-01" @default.
• W2094012224 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2094012224 title "Pioneer factors: directing transcriptional regulators within the chromatin environment" @default.
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