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• W2094464264 abstract "Diabetes/Metabolism ReviewsVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 31-49 Hypoglycemia and Counterregulation Somogyi and dawn phenomena: Mechanisms P. De Feo, P. De Feo Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. Perriello, G. Perriello Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. B. Bolli, Corresponding Author G. B. Bolli Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalyIstituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this author P. De Feo, P. De Feo Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. Perriello, G. Perriello Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. B. Bolli, Corresponding Author G. B. Bolli Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalyIstituto di Patologia Speciale Medica dell' Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, I–06100 Perugia, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610040106Citations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Somogyi M: Insulin as a cause of extreme hyperglycemia and instability. Bull St Louis Med Soc 32: 498–500, 1938. 2 Schmidt MI, Hadji-Georgopoulos, Rendell M, Margolis M, and Kowarski A: The dawn phenomenon, an early morning glucose rise: implications for diabetic intraday blood glucose variation. Diabetes Care 4: 579–585, 1981. 3 Bolli GB, Gottesman IS, Campbell PJ, Haymond MW, Cryer PE, and Gerich JE: Glucose counterregulation and waning of insulin in the Somogyi phenomenon (post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia). N Engl J Med 311: 1214–1219, 1984. 4 Bolli GB, and Gerich JE: The “dawn phenomenon”—a common occurrence in both non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 310: 746–750, 1984. 5 Perriello G, De Feo P, Calcinaro F, Ventura MM, Basta G, Torlone E, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, and Bolli GB: Nocturnal hypoglycemia exaggerates fasting and post-breakfast hyperglycemia in CSII-treated IDDM. Diabetes 36 (Suppl 1): 3A, 1987. 6 Campbell PJ, Bolli GB, Cryer PE, and Gerich JE: Pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 312: 1473–1479, 1985. 7 De Feo P, Perriello, G, Ventura MM, Dell'Olio A, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, and Bolli GB: A growth hormone-induced hepatic insulin resistance, not an increase in plasma insulin clearance is the cause of the dawn phenomenon in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 29: 532A, 1986. 8 Gale EAM, Kurtz AB, and Tattersall RB: In search of the Somogyi effect. Lancet 2: 279–282, 1980. 9 Campbell P, Cryer P, and Gerich J: Occurrence of the dawn phenomenon without a change in insulin clearance in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 35: 749–752, 1986. 10 Perriello G, De Feo P, and Bolli GB: Nocturnal blood glucose homeostasis and the dawn phenomenon in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med, in press. 11 Campbell IW: The Somogyi phenomenon: a short review. 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Diabetes 29: 926–930, 1980. 29 Schmidt M, Hadji-Georgopoulous A, Rendell M, Margolis S, Kowarski D, and Kowarski AA: Fasting hyperglycemia and associated free insulin and cortisol changes in “Somogyi-like” patients. Diabetes Care 2: 457–464, 1979. 30 Gale EAM, Pramming S, Lauritzen T, and Binder C: Insulin escape curves—and the myth of rebound hyperglycemia. Diabetologia 23: 168A, 1982. 31 Bolli G, Gottesman I, Cryer P, and Gerich J: Glucose counterregulation during prolonged hypoglycemia in normal man. Am J Physiol 247: E206–E214, 1984. 32 De Feo P, Perriello G, De Cosmo S, Ventura MM, Campbell PJ, Brunetti P, Gerich JE, and Bolli GB: Comparison of glucose counterregulation during short-term and prolonged hypoglycemia in normal humans. Diabetes 35: 563–569, 1986. 33 Bolli GB, Tsalikian E, Haymond MW, Cryer PE, and Gerich JE: Defective glucose counterregulation after subcutaneous insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: paradoxical suppression of glucose utilization and lack of compensatory increase in glucose production roles of insulin resistance, abnormal neuroendocrine responses and islet paracrine interactions. J Clin Invest 73: 1532–1541, 1984. 34 Somogyi M: Effect of hypoglycemia on the rate of extrahepatic glucose assimilation. J Biol Chem 174: 597–603, 1948. 35 Somogyi M: Effect of insulin hypoglycemia on alimentary hyperglycemia. J Biol Chem 193: 859–871, 1951. 36 Clerc D, Keller U, and Berger W: Impaired insulin sensitivity of peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism after nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 27: 264A, 1984. 37 Rizza R, Mandarino L, and Gerich J: Dose-response characteristics for effects of insulin on production and utilization of glucose in man. Am J Physiol 240: E630–E639, 1981. 38 Bolli GB, Perriello G, Ventura MM, De Feo P, De Cosmo S, Calafiore R, Calcinaro F, and Brunetti P: Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: roles of loss of β-cell function, peripheral hyperinsulinemia and abnormal glycaemic control. Diabetologia 27: 258A, 1984. 39 Gottesman I, Mandarino L, and Gerich J: Use of glucose uptake and glucose clearance for the evaluation of insulin action in vivo. Diabetes 33: 184–191, 1984. 40 Frier BM, Cornel RJM, Ashby JP, and Baird JD: Attenuation of the pancreatic beta cell response to a meal following hypoglycaemia in man. Diabetologia 18: 297–300, 1980. 41 De Fronzo R, Hendel R, and Simonson D: Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 31: 795–801, 1982. 42 Van Haeften T, Bolli G, Dimitriadis G, Gottesman I, Horwitz D, and Gerich J: Effect of insulin antibodies and their kinetic characteristics on plasma free insulin dynamics in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 35: 649–656, 1986. 43 Zar HZ: Comparing simple linear regression equations. In Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984, pp 292–299. 44 Shamoon HR, Hendler R, and Sherwin RS: Altered responsiveness to cortisol, epinephrine and glucagon in insulin-infused juvenile-onset diabetics. Diabetes 29: 284–291, 1980. 45 Berck MA, Clutter WE, Skor D, Shah SD, Gingerich RP, Parvin CA, and Cryer PE: Enhanced glycemic responsiveness to epinephrine in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the result of the inability to secrete insulin. J Clin Invest 75: 1842–1851, 1985. 46 De Feo P, Bolli GB, Ventura MM, Perriello G, De Cosmo S, Lolli C, Gerich JE, and Brunetti P: Studies on the individual counterregulatory role of glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol on augmented glucose production and reduced glucose utilization during continuous physiologic hyperinsulinemia in man. Diabetes Res Clin Pract (Suppl. 1): S128, 1985. 47 Gerich JE, Langlois M, Noacco C, Karam H, and Forsham PH: Lack of glucagon response to hypoglycemia in diabetes: evidence for an intrinsic pancreatic alpha cell defect. Science 182: 171–173, 1973. 48 Bolli G, De Feo P, Compagnucci P, Cartechini MG, Angeletti G, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, and Gerich JE: Abnormal glucose counterregulation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Interaction of antiinsulin antibodies and impaired glucagon and epinephrine secretion. 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In Metabolic Control and Disease, edited by PK Bondy, and LE Rosenberg, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1980, pp 1427–1500. 58 Ferrannini E, Barret EJ, Bevilaqua S, and DeFronzo R.: Effect of fatty acids on glucose production and utilization in man. J Clin Invest 72: 1737–1747, 1983. 59 Bolli G, De Feo P, Perriello G, De Cosmo S, Ventura M, Campbell P, Brunetti P, and Gerich JE: Role of hepatic counterregulation in defense against hypoglycemia in humans. J Clin Invest 75: 1623–1631, 1985. 60 Schmidt MI, Hadji-Georgopoulos A, Rendell M, Margolis M, Kowarski A: The dawn phenomenon, an early morning glucose rise: implications for diabetic intraday blood glucose variation. Diabetes Care 4: 579–585, 1981. 61 Perriello G, Calcinaro F, Ventura MM, Basta G, Torlone E, Di Santo S, Bolli GB, and Brunetti P: Pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). 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