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• W2095289642 abstract "A simple means of detecting the abuse of steroids that also occur naturally is a problem facing doping control laboratories. Specific markers are required to allow the detection of the administration of these steroids. These markers are commonly measured using a set of data obtained from the screening of samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Doping control laboratories further need to confirm identified abuse using techniques such as gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS). An interesting urinary species was found while following the pharmacokinetics and changes to the steroid profile from single and multiple oral doses of the International Olympic Committee/World Anti Doping Agency (IOC/WADA) prohibited substance, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The urine samples collected from the administration studies were subject to GC–MS and GC–C–IRMS steroid analysis following cleanup by solid phase extraction techniques. A useful urinary product of DHEA administration was detected in the urine samples from each of the administration studies and was identified by GC–MS experiments to be 3α,5-cyclo-5α-androstan-6β-ol-17-one (3α,5-cyclo). This compound occurs naturally but the concentrations of 3α,5-cyclo were elevated following both the single DHEA administration (up to 385 ng/mL) and multiple DHEA administrations (up to 1240 ng/mL), in relation to those observed prior to these administrations (70 and 80 ng/mL, respectively). A reference distribution of urine samples collected from elite athletes (n=632) enabled the natural concentration range of 3α,5-cyclo to be established (0–280 ng/mL), with a mean concentration of 22 ng/mL. Based on this an upper 3α,5-cyclo concentration limit of 140 ng/mL is proposed as a GC–MS screening marker of DHEA abuse in athletes. GC–C–IRMS analysis revealed significant 13C depletion of 3α,5-cyclo following DHEA administration. In the single administration study, the δ13C value of 3α,5-cyclo changed from −24.3‰ to a minimum value of −31.1‰ at 9 h post-administration, before returning to its original value after 48 h. The multiple administration study had a minimum δ13C 3α,5-cyclo of −33.9‰ during the administration phase in contrast to the initial value of −24.2‰. Preliminary studies have shown 3α,5-cyclo to most likely be produced from DHEA sulfate found at high levels in urine. The complementary use of GC–MS and GC–C–IRMS to identify new markers of steroid abuse and the application of screening criteria incorporating such markers could also be adapted by doping control laboratories to detect metabolites of androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone abuse." @default.
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• W2095289642 date "2004-07-01" @default.
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• W2095289642 title "Searching for new markers of endogenous steroid administration in athletes: “looking outside the metabolic box”" @default.
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• W2095289642 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.031" @default.
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