FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2095762011> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2095762011 abstract "This thesis comprises studies on opiate overdose death, and focuses on evaluation of toxicological characteristics including the possible influence of abstinence and polydrug use for the fatal outcome. In order to identify and classify drug abusers, a screening method for several drugs of abuse was developed and applied on randomly selected autopsy cases. Out of 75 cases, 26 positive results were found in 16 subjects. In two cases, drug abuse was not previously known by relatives or the police. The method developed includes the detection of the most common illicit drug groups in Sweden, and proved feasible for application in the medicolegal routine casework to confirm or exclude previous drug abuse in deceased subjects. In addition, the method may be applied on hair samples collected from living subjects for the same purpose. Although the designation heroin overdose gives the impression that these subjects have taken a high dose, or a dose of high purity, blood morphine concentrations vary widely and many victims actually present with fairly low blood morphine levels. To investigate the importance of abstinence in unexpected death at low opiate concentrations, all screening results were confirmed with segmental hair analysis, allowing for a detailed temporal mapping of the previous drug use. Hair samples were collected from 60 deceased addicts of whom 28 were classified as heroin overdose deaths. Segmental hair analysis revealed that 18 of these subjects had recently discontinued opioid use, suggesting a reduced tolerance to opioids. However, their blood morphine levels were similar to those found in the 10 subjects with a continuous opioid use. Further, hair and blood analysis disclosed an extensive use of additional drugs that directly or indirectly may influence the opioid system and contribute to the overdose. In a larger sample of deceased drug addicts, the possible importance of abstinence and polydrug use in opioid overdose deaths was explored. In 160 of 210 deceased suspected drug addicts, drug abuse was confirmed by hair screening. Of these, 91 were opiate overdose deaths. Hair and blood analysis revealed extensive polydrug use, which was more pronounced among opiate overdose victims than in drug addicts dying of other causes. Blood analysis showed that pure heroin intoxication was very rare; about 60% of the overdose cases had three or more drugs in blood at the time for death. Segmental hair analysis revealed that more than 80% of the opiate overdose cases had not been exposed to opiates during the most recent weeks before their demise. In most cases, the hair opiate concentrations displayed a gradual decrease before the last dose. The toxicological results also showed that opiate overdose death was more likely to occur if opiates were combined with benzodiazepines, but less likely when opiates were combined with stimulants such as amphetamines. An experimental model was developed to address the issue of tolerance and abstinence in opiate overdose death. Rats given a high dose of morphine or heroin showed a reduced mortality if pre-treated for two weeks with morphine. This protection was reduced if the pre-treatment was followed by one week of opiate abstinence. Delayed deaths, similar to those observed in a proportion of human heroin overdose victims, were also seen in the rats. Toxicological results showed that delayed deaths were not due to accumulation of morphine or morphine glucuronides in either blood or other tissues examined. In conclusion, these studies provide support for the notion that polydrug use and recent opiate abstinence are important risk factors for opiate overdose death. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Kronstrand R, Nystrom I, Strandberg J, Druid H. Screening for drugs of abuse in hair with ion spray LC-MS-MS. Forensic Science International 2004;145(2-3):183-90 II. Druid H, Strandberg JJ, Alkass K, Nystrom I, Kugelberg FC, Kronstrand R. Evaluation of the role of abstinence in heroin overdose deaths using segmental hair analysis. Forensic Science International 2006 March 22; [Epub ahead of print] III. Strandberg JJ, Kugelberg FC, Alkass K, Gustavsson A, Zahlsen K, Spigset O, Druid H. Toxicological analysis in rats subjected to heroin and morphine overdose. Toxicology Letters 2006;166(1):11-8. IV. Strandberg JJ, Alkass K, Nystrom I, Kugelberg FC, Kronstrand R, Druid H. Abstinence, polydrug use and changes in abuse pattern are common in fatal opiate overdose. Submitted" @default.
• W2095762011 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2095762011 creator A5090096047 @default.
• W2095762011 date "2007-04-25" @default.
• W2095762011 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2095762011 title "Toxicological studies of opiate-related death" @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1231938525 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W133616024 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W13604522 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1517185267 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1535192234 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1535722786 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1547522076 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1561490407 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W160998396 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1748670450 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W176463032 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1873875684 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1941641505 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1964286925 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1964770646 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1966709217 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1968318618 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1972927915 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1974011600 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1975104237 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1975622732 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1976659456 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1977707358 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1979385488 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1980462575 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1980844443 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1980933312 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1980971379 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1982774938 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1984414350 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1986058960 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1988638436 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1991032590 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1992797095 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1998005270 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1998797101 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W1999726859 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2000744528 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2005496382 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2008158760 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2012128092 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2012496546 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2013397849 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2013516688 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2014483384 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2016765781 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2018403885 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2019134223 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2019658517 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2020445939 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2020751685 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2021363900 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2022131604 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2023323295 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2023602064 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2025412784 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2025899033 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2035129943 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2037034985 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2037233574 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2037688283 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2043111554 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2043739438 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2044258589 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2048890215 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2061161259 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2063912064 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2067578746 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2068204280 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2071099120 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2071733941 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2072681884 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2076835699 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2077524150 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2079178949 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2080771400 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2082291722 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2082540829 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2084227946 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2084686194 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2085050720 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2088359192 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2091590589 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2092045635 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2093710070 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2097864044 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2100628044 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2102632295 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2102685036 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2102964671 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2107164697 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2108711557 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2110414567 @default.
• W2095762011 cites W2111125524 @default.

• next