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- W2095852287 abstract "Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using a dendrimer-templated method using G4, G5 and G6 PAMAM-OH dendrimers as well as a reverse microemulsion method using the water/dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (aerosol-OT, AOT) surfactant/isooctane system with water to surfactant ratios (ω0) of 5, 10 and 13. These 6 catalysts were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDX, and XRD. TEM micrographs showed that the average sizes of 2.74–3.32 nm with narrower size distribution were achieved by using dendrimer-templated synthetic methods, whereas the reverse microemulsion method resulted in broad size distribution with an average size of 3.87–5.06 nm. The influence of various reaction parameters such as base, catalyst dosing, alkene, aryl halide and temperature on the Heck C–C coupling reaction was evaluated. The activation parameters were derived from the reaction rate of each catalyst obtained at various temperatures. A correlation of catalytic activity, enthalpy of activation and particle size is discussed. Particle size changes of each catalyst were investigated after the catalytic reaction. Overall results indicated that dendrimer-templated Pd NP catalysts showed superior activity as compared to the Pd NPs synthesized by reverse microemulsions, with the dendrimer-templated G5-OH(Pd80) showing the best activity. These catalysts were also reusable for 3 cycles, retaining high yield and showing excellent yields under mild conditions. Therefore, the dendrimer-templated Pd NPs are efficient catalyst systems for the ligand-free Heck C–C coupling reaction." @default.
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- W2095852287 date "2014-06-01" @default.
- W2095852287 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2095852287 title "Styrène, sclérose en plaques, aptitude" @default.
- W2095852287 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2014.03.010" @default.
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