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• W2097552239 abstract "The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between management and facility design factors and the prevalence of hock injuries in high-producing dairy cows in 76 freestall herds in the northeastern United States (NE-US; Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania) and California (CA). One group of high-production multiparous cows was monitored on each farm, and data on management, facility and stall design, and the conditions of the hocks were collected. Focal cows [n = 38 ± 3 (mean ± standard deviation)] were evaluated for hock injuries using a 3-point scale (where 1 = healthy and 3 = evidently swollen or severe injury). Measures associated with the proportion (logit-transformed) of cows having injuries (score ≥2) or severe injuries (score = 3) at the univariable level were submitted to multivariable general linear models. In NE-US, overall hock injuries increased with the percentage of stalls with fecal contamination [odds ratio (OR) = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.54, for a 10% increase], and with the use of sawdust as bedding (OR = 3.47; CI = 1.14–10.62), and decreased with deep bedding (i.e., at least 10 cm depth of any type of bedding; OR = 0.05; CI = 0.02–0.14), use of sand as bedding (OR = 0.06; CI = 0.02–0.15), bedding dry matter (DM) ≥83.9% (OR = 0.08; CI = 0.03–0.20), and access to pasture during the dry period (OR = 0.17; CI = 0.05–0.53). When these variables were submitted to a multivariable model, the presence of deep bedding was the only factor that remained significant, explaining 54% of the variation in overall injuries. Severe hock injuries increased with the use of automatic scrapers (OR = 2.29; CI = 1.11–4.71) and the percentage of stalls with fecal contamination (OR = 1.14; CI = 1.00–1.31, for a 10% increase), and decreased with sand bedding (OR = 0.22; CI = 0.10–0.49), deep bedding (OR = 0.24; CI = 0.11–0.52), bedding DM ≥83.9% (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.14–0.58), and access to pasture during the dry period (OR = 0.42; CI = 0.18–0.97). The final multivariable model, which explained 36% of the variation in severe hock injuries, included the use of automatic scrapers and deep bedding. In CA, stall stocking density (OR = 1.41; CI = 1.00–2.01, for a 10% increase) and poor bedding maintenance (OR = 1.08; CI = 1.01–1.16, for a 2.5-cm decrease in depth of deep-bedded stalls) were associated with an increase of overall and severe hock injuries, respectively. Deep-bedded and well-maintained stalls reduce the risk of hock injuries. Regional variation in risk factors for these injuries should be considered when formulating on-farm recommendations." @default.
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• W2097552239 date "2013-06-01" @default.
• W2097552239 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2097552239 title "Herd-level risk factors for hock injuries in freestall-housed dairy cows in the northeastern United States and California" @default.
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• W2097552239 doi "https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6389" @default.
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