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- W2098033118 abstract "This paper examines, from the point of view of a philosopher of science, what it is that introductory science textbooks say and do not say about ‘scientific method’. Seventy introductory texts in a variety of natural and social sciences provided the material for this study. The inadequacy of these textbook accounts is apparent in three general areas: (a) the simple empiricist view of science that tends to predominate; (b) the demarcation between scientific and non-scientific inquiry and (c) the avoidance of controversy—in part the consequence of the tendency toward textbook standardization. Most importantly, this study provides some evidence of the gulf that separates philosophy of science from science instruction, and examines some important aspects of the demarcation between science and non-science—an important issue for philosophers, scientists, and science educators. 1. Scientific Method in Science Textbooks1.1. Textbook selection1.2. Topic frequencyPart I: Preliminaries2. Science versus Non-science2.1. Subjective experience/bias2.2. Too many unmeasurable variables2.3. Non-phenomenal objects2.4. Falsifiability3. Scientific Method in Everyday Activities?4. When Did Science Begin?4.1. Greek science?4.2. Seventeenth-century originsPart II: Components5. Formal Logic5.1. Deduction: ‘if–then reasoning’5.2. Induction6. Hypotheses, Theories, Laws, Models6.1. Description and explanation6.2. Models6.3. ‘Only a theory’6.4. SimplicityPart III: Dynamics7. The Generation of Hypotheses8. The Testing of Hypotheses8.1. Proof/verification/confirmation8.2. Why is confirmation inconclusive?8.2.1. Inductive generalization8.2.2. Alternative hypotheses and the hypothetico-deductive method8.3. Disproof/falsification8.4. Why is falsification inconclusive?8.4.1. Saving a hypothesis through ad hoc exceptions8.4.2. Revising/correcting a hypothesis9. Experimental Controls and the ‘Broken Lamp’10. Conclusion10.1. Different sciences, different concerns10.2. Simple empiricism10.3. The demarcation question10.4. Textbook standardization and the avoidance of controversy" @default.
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- W2098033118 date "2009-06-01" @default.
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- W2098033118 title "How Science Textbooks Treat Scientific Method: A Philosopher's Perspective" @default.
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- W2098033118 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axp011" @default.
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