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• W2099021625 abstract "Childhood overweight and obesity has become a major public health burden in developing countries (e.g. India) owing to its strong association with risk factors for adult chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, etc., and subsequent adverse health outcomes in later life. In the Indian subcontinent, the occurrence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is essentially related to their changing lifestyle including changes in food habits concomitant with effective modernization [ [1] Ghosh A. Childhood obesity: association with blood pressure and physical activity in 8 to14-year-old Asian Indian children and adolescents. in: Flamenbaum R.K. Childhood obesity and health research. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, USA2006: 55-70 Google Scholar ]. Food intake is related to obesity not only in terms of the volume of food ingested but also in terms of the composition and quality of the food [ 2 Lehmann P.H. Lissner L. Gullberg B. Socio-demographic factors associated with long term weight gain, current bodyfatness, and central adiposityin Swedish women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24: 685-694 Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar , 3 Nicklas T.A. Baranowsky T. Cullen K.W. Berenson G. Eating pattern, dietary quality and obesity. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001; 20: 599-608 Crossref PubMed Scopus (349) Google Scholar ]. The present cross-sectional study was aimed at looking into the association between anthropometric measurements and body composition characteristics with food patterns among children and adolescents in Calcutta, India. A total of 393 healthy children and adolescents (Boys=241 and Girls=152) aged 8–18 years took part in the study. The participants were selected randomly from eight schools in Calcutta, India. Height, weight, circumferences of mid upper arm (MUAC), waist (MWC), hip as well as skinfold thickness were measured. Percentage of body fat, body mass index (BMI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured using an Omron body fat analyser. A pre-tested open-ended schedule was used to obtain weekly consumption (frequency) of foodstuffs. The mean age of boys and girls was 13.5 years (SD=2.0) and 12.5 years (SD=2.5) respectively. The weekly consumption of processed fast foods, cream rich fast foods, fried snacks, soft drinks, sweets and fats & oils was relatively higher compared to other food items such as leafy vegetables and fish. In fact, 61.8% of participants hadn't consumed leafy vegetables even once in a week. On the other hand 7.6% of participants consumed fried snacks ten times in a week. In our study a significant positive association between fast foods (both fried and cream based) and body composition measures (BMI, MWC, WHR and SF4) was observed as reported in other studies [ 4 Aro A. Antoine J.N. Pizzoferrato L. Reykdal O. van Poppel G. Transfatty acids in dietary and meat products. J Food Consumption. 1998; 11: 150-166 Google Scholar , 5 Gillis L.J. Bar-Or O. Food away from home, sugar-sweetened drink consumption and juvenile obesity. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003; 22: 539-545 Crossref PubMed Scopus (139) Google Scholar ]. The reason could be due to the fact that fast foods contain high levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) that contributes to an increase in blood cholesterol levels and reduces the protective high-density cholesterol levels in the blood. In fact, TFA has a higher tendency to promote high levels of low-density lipoprotein like saturated fatty acids. TFA, in Indian diets, are mostly derived from Vanaspati (hydrogenated vegetable oil), a type of cooking medium often used to prepare snacks and sweets [ [1] Ghosh A. Childhood obesity: association with blood pressure and physical activity in 8 to14-year-old Asian Indian children and adolescents. in: Flamenbaum R.K. Childhood obesity and health research. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, USA2006: 55-70 Google Scholar ]. Furthermore, it was also observed that a variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrees, and carbohydrates were positively associated with body fatness while vegetable consumption was negatively associated with body fatness. Moreover, the significant positive associations of egg, fried snacks and Bengalee sweets consumption with central obesity measures suggested that these foods might have an adverse effect on central body fat distribution. It is noteworthy to mention that a significant positive association was also evident between atherogenic body fatness (e.g. WHR) and the intake of a variety of fast foods, soft drinks and sweets and this warrants early effective lifestyle intervention." @default.
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• W2099021625 date "2010-02-01" @default.
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• W2099021625 title "Food habits and body composition in children and adolescents of Asian Indian origin" @default.
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• W2099021625 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.016" @default.
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