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- W2100036450 abstract "In the 1890s, William B. Coley started to treat cancer patients with inoculations of bacterial extracts (Coley's toxins) to activate general systemic immunity, some of which might be directed against the tumour.1,,2 Subsequent efforts to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of immune recognition and immune regulation of cancer cells have led to the identification of potential new targets on tumour cells, and the potential to create potent, specific cancer vaccines. In this review, we discuss the principles of tumour immunity, the tumour antigens that can be recognized by the immune system, the different types of vaccines that have been evaluated, and the potential clinical applications of these approaches.Unlike most vaccines for infectious agents, the goal of cancer vaccination is therapeutic and this can be achieved by activating immune responses against tumour antigens. The immune response can be crudely divided into either antibody responses or T-cell responses. Antibodies recognize and bind to conformational determinants on cell surface proteins, and can kill the cell by either antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or complement-mediated cell lysis. Conversely, T cells recognize small proteins presented on the cell surface on major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens, and T-cell activation requires a co-stimulatory signal which is usually present on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells. However, attempts to exploit the immune system as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment have to overcome the host's inability to develop effective endogenous immunity against cancer. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including generation of tumour variants lacking certain tumour antigens,3–,5 loss of MHC expression,6–,9 downregulation of the antigen processing mechanism10 and also expression of inhibitory molecules which may promote escape from immune surveillance including TGF β 11 and Fas ligand.12 A further significant contributor to escape … Dr T.R.J. Evans, CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD. e-mail: trjelv{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk" @default.
- W2100036450 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2100036450 creator A5014220064 @default.
- W2100036450 date "1999-06-01" @default.
- W2100036450 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W2100036450 title "Vaccine therapy for cancerfact or fiction?" @default.
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