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• W2100694222 abstract "Aflatoxins family includes a great number of lipophilic molecules produced by aerobic mi‐ croscopic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus. The chapter describes their chemical structure, chemical and physical properties, and aspects related to their presence in food and commodities. Aflatoxins presence in food is considered a real and severe risk to con‐ sumers for their toxicity. Aflatoxins levels and frequency of foods natural contamination as reported in the scientific literature are briefly analyzed. Focus is given to the different food‐ stuffs that may be at risk of contamination by Aspergillus and the subsequent accumulation of aflatoxins in the food chain. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of aflatoxins will be dis‐ cussed considering that these unwanted molecules can be assumed by the humans with the diet. Bioaccessibility, that deals with the fraction of micro-nutrients released from the food matrix during digestion and gastro-intestinal available for absorption, will be discussed with reference to aflatoxins bioaccessibility of during the digestion process, considering the relationships between the food matrix and its influences on aflatoxins fate. Bioavailability of the aflatoxins assumed from the diet depends on their stability during digestion, since they are released from the food matrix (bioaccessibility) and on the efficiency of their passage through the gastro-intestinal mucosa. The term bioavailability includes the concepts of availability to the absorption, metabolism, distribution of nutrients to tissues and bioactivity and indicates the fraction of micro-nutrients absorbed by the body and the speed with which these molecules are absorbed and made available at their site of action. Despite of the practical difficulties in measuring the distribution and bioactivity of aflatoxins on a specific human body organ, the bioavailability is the fraction of an oral dose of a compound or pre‐ cursor of an active metabolite that reaches the bloodstream. Bioaccessibility includes the en‐ tire sequence of events that take place during the digestion of food material that can be assimilated by the body through the epithelial cells of the gastro-intestinal mucosa. Aflatox‐ ins are often present in very small amounts or in traces and, for this reason, a part of the" @default.
• W2100694222 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2100694222 creator A5038307741 @default.
• W2100694222 creator A5055915304 @default.
• W2100694222 date "2013-01-23" @default.
• W2100694222 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W2100694222 title "Aflatoxins: Risk, Exposure and Remediation" @default.
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