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• W2100868301 abstract "This dissertation addresses how architecture functions as a cultural medium. It does so by by investigating how the architecture of institution and home each construct and support different cultural practices. By studying the design of ordinary settings in terms of how qualitative differences in architectural environments affect those who use them, this study exemplifies architectural research directed toward constructive cultural change. In the United States, ordinary people often describe housing as in a spectrum from homey to institutional. For example, hospitals are more institutional and less homey than apartment buildings, but apartment buildings are more institutional and less homey than single family detached dwelling. This dissertation examines the terms institution and home, exploring the hypothesis that they form an oppositional pair. The two ideas are studied from many different perspectives: The way that ordinary people evaluate photographic images in semantic differential and free sort studies is compared to architectural form as documented in sketches, words, photographs, inventory and plan. Analyses reveal that different housing types reflect different degrees and kinds of domesticity and institutionality. The investigations pertaining to this were completed during the 12-year period (1981- 1993), and followed by Phase 3, substantiating research concluded in 1996. Motivated by the normalization principle, that citizens with disabilities have the right to dwellings as similar as possible to that of society's mainstream, the Phase 1 studies (1981-84) developed guidelines for the alternative housing for disabled adults, including a checklist of architectural features. Phase 2 (1984-86, explored the lay understanding of institution, home, and other related qualities, tested the validity of the checklist guidelines and refined measures for home-likeness and institutionality in living rooms. In addition to normalization, several other theoretical positions inform this work. Architecture is conceived as a cultural medium that communicates cultural ideas, attitudes and expectations thereby tending to produce patterns of behavior. Culture is seen as a shared and evolving vision of the world manifested directly in behavior and indirectly in artifacts. Culture is understood as produced in its practice, being a collective process that evolves or changes as particular practices are discontinued, modified or replaced. A first corollary to the conception of architecture as a cultural medium is the conception of architecture as a medium for conscious cultural change. If culture is produced through practice, then it is susceptible to change by conscious practices as well as by unconscious ones. From this perspective, when applied to the design of buildings, normalization or deinstitutionalization can be seen as an intended cultural change, although not fully conscious. For cultural change to be fully conscious, the change must be well considered, with clear identification of both the change that is needed and the method of change. Furthermore, in order to be what is here called conscious cultural change, the change not only needs to be implemented, but also evaluated and adjusted. A second corollary to the conception of architecture as a cultural medium is the implementation of an architectural reception theory. In addition to considering the design and making of an artifact, reception theory emphasizes how it functions socially and symbolically for the people who experience it. This research addresses how the design of different residential settings affects the people who will use and inhabit them." @default.
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• W2100868301 date "2004-03-15" @default.
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• W2100868301 title "Architecture of Institution & Home. Architecture as Cultural Medium" @default.
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