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- W2101364071 abstract "Climate change is altering the availability of resources and the conditions that are crucial to plant performance. One way plants will respond to these changes is through environmentally induced shifts in phenotype (phenotypic plasticity). Understanding plastic responses is crucial for predicting and managing the effects of climate change on native species as well as crop plants. Here, we provide a toolbox with definitions of key theoretical elements and a synthesis of the current understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying plasticity relevant to climate change. By bringing ecological, evolutionary, physiological and molecular perspectives together, we hope to provide clear directives for future research and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue on the relevance of phenotypic plasticity under climate change. Climate change is altering the availability of resources and the conditions that are crucial to plant performance. One way plants will respond to these changes is through environmentally induced shifts in phenotype (phenotypic plasticity). Understanding plastic responses is crucial for predicting and managing the effects of climate change on native species as well as crop plants. Here, we provide a toolbox with definitions of key theoretical elements and a synthesis of the current understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying plasticity relevant to climate change. By bringing ecological, evolutionary, physiological and molecular perspectives together, we hope to provide clear directives for future research and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue on the relevance of phenotypic plasticity under climate change. Phenotypic plasticity that increases the global fitness of a genotype (Figure 2). Genes or gene regions that encode sensors, or receptors, for environmental signals, e.g. genes encoding photoreceptors or receptors detecting microbial signals. Different forms or alleles of a gene that are identical in DNA sequence but differ in epigenetic markers. These epigenetic differences are usually associated with differing expressions of the epialleles. The causes of their formation are as yet poorly understood. Includes the mechanisms of gene regulation that lead to heritable, but potentially reversible, changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence of the gene (Box 1). The fitness of an individual is taken as the relative abundance and success of its genes (often measured as the number of surviving offspring) over multiple generations. In many cases, especially with large or long-lived species, direct estimates of fitness are not feasible and total biomass, seed number or biomass, survivorship or growth rates of a single generation are used as proxies. A change in genome structure or organization associated with environmental signals, leading to the evolution of new phenotypes, might result from mutational hotspots, genome expansion, transposable elements or somatic recombination. When we refer to a genotype we do so in a population genetic sense, not in reference to a molecular sequence of a single gene, but to the complete genome. The appearance or characteristics of an organism resulting from both genetic and environmental influences. In our terms, all organisms have a phenotype not just those expressing a mutation in a given gene of interest. The range of phenotypes a single genotype can express as a function of its environment. Quantitative traits related to the fitness and success of individuals in a given environment, they provide good indicators about species’ ecologies (e.g. what growth rates they are likely to exhibit, what recruitment strategy they rely on) and are often related to competitive status, commonness/rarity or dominance in the community (Box 2). Categorical assessments enabling plant species to be grouped according to functional position in a community or ecosystem. For example, classifications can be based on growth form (e.g. herb, grass, shrub), nitrogen fixing status, photosynthetic pathway or leaf longevity. Chemical modifications to mRNA or proteins that are made after an mRNA or protein is transcribed or translated, respectively (e.g. the phosphorylation of proteins). The process of making mRNA of a regulatory gene. The RNA is subsequently translated to form a protein, the product of the gene. These are cascades of events that mediate cellular responses to external signals, for example the cascades of protein phosphorylation and second messenger generation following the perception of a signal by a receptor kinase." @default.
- W2101364071 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2101364071 date "2010-12-01" @default.
- W2101364071 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W2101364071 title "Plant phenotypic plasticity in a changing climate" @default.
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