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• W2101705909 abstract "Subjectively perceived pain or effort is a major factor which limits enduranceperformance. It has been claimed that cognitive strategies can mediate perceivedeffort and enhance endurance performance (Morgan & Pollock, 1977). These authorshave suggested that association, focusing on bodily sensations and race relatedstimuli, is the most effective strategy for elite marathon runners. On the other hand,Pennebaker and Lightner (1980) found a dissociative strategy, distracting attentionfrom bodily signals, to be more effective with college students. The purpose of thepresent study was to examine the effect of association and dissociation on ratedperceived exertion and subsequent performance on an endurance activity.Subjects were 33 male volunteers, aged 17 to 34 (mean=23.0, SD=4.39), whowere involved in regular aerobic exercise from jogging to marathon and triathlon.Maximal aerobic power (MAP) was determined for each subject by a treadmill run toexhaustion. Subjects subsequently completed two further treadmill runs toexhaustion, with the treadmill set at a pace equivalent to 80% MAP. For the first ofthese runs, subjects were simply instructed to run to exhaustion, producing baselinemeasures. For the second run, subjects were randomly assigned to an associative,dissociative or control group, from triads matched for MAP. Associative conditionsubjects were given instructions that drew attention to bodily signals and they wereasked to report on these at random intervals. Dissociative condition subjects watcheda video as they ran and were asked questions about it and other non-run-relatedmatters at random intervals. Control subjects ran as for the baseline condition. At theend of each run global rated perceived exertion (RPE) was elicited for the run andsubjects completed a Cognitive Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), while their run timewas noted.Mean cognitive strategy scores indicated that the manipulations weresuccessful. Subjects' strategy scores moved in the direction consistent with their groupmembership. Results show that the associative group reported experiencingsignificantly more effort (RPE) during the experimental run than the baseline run(F2,30=9.6, p<0.05). Neither the dissociative nor the control subjects reported asignificant change in RPE. Run time to exhaustion for the association group declinedsignificantly in comparison to dissociative and control subjects (F2,30=10.12, p<0.05).It was concluded that an internal focus of attention enhanced perceived exertionand resulted in a deterioration in performance. The potential for pace adjustment isacknowledged as an essential feature of association. The use of an associativecognitive strategy, when pace adjustment is not possible, as on a fixed workloadtreadmill run, may lead to an increase in perception of effort or pain and a consequentreduced performance. This result has implications for inexperienced runners who donot know how to vary pace in response to bodily signals. The measurement ofassociation and dissociation remains problematic." @default.
• W2101705909 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2101705909 date "1994-01-01" @default.
• W2101705909 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2101705909 title "The Effect of Cognitive Strategies on Endurance Performance" @default.
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