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- W2102248639 abstract "Abstract A brief survey of the literature on interdisciplinary work and a discussion of issues relating to orthodoxy and heresy are presented to introduce a questionnaire on current interdisciplinary practice and the effects of engaging in research of this kind. Preliminary results of the survey are presented and it is suggested that women may have a greater tendency than men to engage in interdisciplinary research. They may also encounter more obstacles in their research than men. A number of hypotheses, including the relationship of interdisciplinary work and heresy, are proposed and a plan of further work to investigate them put forward. Key words: Interdisciplinarity, gender, heresy 1. Introduction: Interdisciplinary Research and gender There is a large literature examining the nature and consequences of the pursuit of interdisciplinary research, and separately a literature examining the extent to which the field of women's studies is situated within or without disciplines. Largely absent from the literature is an examination of the extent to which women's research in general (i.e. not simply research lying in the field of women's studies) is of an inter-disciplinary nature, and an examination of the consequences of any such engagement. There is also a body of literature on heresy and orthodoxy, but this rarely mentions interdisciplinary work. To fill these apparent gaps, this paper reports on the findings of two questionnaires completed by both male and female researchers engaged in inter-disciplinary research. It considers a variety of questions, including any evidence of a tendency for greater numbers of women than men to engage in research of this kind, the consequences of interdisciplinary work and its possible relationship to 'heresy'. The paper is organised as follows. Section two discusses heresy, orthodoxy and interdisciplinarity and Section three presents a brief survey of the literature on interdisciplinary work and its effects and the position of women's studies vis-a-vis disciplinarity. The methodology of the two related surveys carried out by the authors on interdisciplinary work is discussed in Section fourand preliminary results of the two surveys are given in Sections five and six respectively. Suggestions for good practice from both surveys are presented in Section seven and conclusions discussed in Section eight. 2. Heresy, Orthodoxy and Interdisciplinarity 2.1 Heresy: Similarity and Passion The term heresy was first used in religion. Although the term, as such is rarely used in this context, the associated attitudes and treatment have since spread to science and research more generally. Heresy generally has two main features: * Similarity or closeness: theories, philosophies or ideas are generally only considered heretical when they have a broad area of commonality with the mainstream or orthodoxy, but differ in either significant or trivial aspects. Thus sects of a given religion may be considered heretical, but different religions generally are not. It is this closeness that probably gives rises to the feelings of betrayal and the intense feelings of bitterness that 'heresy' can generate. * Fervour or passion: the concept of heresy generally only arises about theories, philosophies or ideas which are taken very seriously. One example is the dispute within the Church of England concerning the ordination of homosexual priests, a dispute which threatens to tear the church apart. Further examples include the debates over GM food, mobile telephones and the war in Iraq. The feelings that can be provoked by differences in opinions can be extreme. Kuhn (1962) considers that resistance (particularly amongst older and more experienced academics) can be 'life-long' and 'indefinite' and that responses can be 'so emotional and erroneous' that they are otherwise difficult to explain. The problem Kuhn describes is not new and was, for instance, observed by Leo Tolstoy a century ago: . …" @default.
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- W2102248639 title "Heresy and orthodoxy: Challenging established paradigms and disciplines" @default.
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