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• W2102424853 abstract "Polymorphisms in <i>NOD2</i>, encoding an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, contribute the largest fraction of genetic risk for Crohn9s disease among the >40 risk loci identified so far. Autophagy plays a prominent role in the innate immune response towards intracellular bacteria. The discovery of the autophagy genes <i>ATG16L1</i> and <i>IRGM</i> as risk factors for Crohn9s disease turned autophagy into the spotlight in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Remarkably, NOD2 has recently been identified as a potent autophagy inducer. A physical interaction of NOD2 and ATG16L1 appears to be required for autophagic clearance of intracellular pathogens. Moreover, Crohn9s disease-associated NOD2 and ATG16L1 variants exhibit a defect in the induction of an autophagic response and hence predict autophagy as a key converging mechanism that leads to Crohn9s disease. Another pathway that is closely intertwined with autophagy and mutually cross-regulated is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Genes involved in the UPR (<i>XBP1, ORMDL3</i>) have also been genetically associated with Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis. Moreover, the intestinal epithelium at the interface between host and microbe appears particularly affected by IBD-associated hypomorphic function of autophagy and the UPR. The functional convergence of main genetic risk factors for IBD on these innate immune pathways has hence important implications for the host9s interaction with the microbiota. Moreover, the genetic convergence on these molecular mechanisms may open novel therapeutic options for IBD that deserve further exploration." @default.
• W2102424853 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2102424853 creator A5021999321 @default.
• W2102424853 creator A5036264788 @default.
• W2102424853 creator A5040361804 @default.
• W2102424853 creator A5050963621 @default.
• W2102424853 creator A5054599656 @default.
• W2102424853 date "2011-01-19" @default.
• W2102424853 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W2102424853 title "Crohn's disease: NOD2, autophagy and ER stress converge" @default.
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