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• W2103105169 endingPage "1170" @default.
• W2103105169 startingPage "1125" @default.
• W2103105169 abstract "We review the literature on larval development of 182 asteroids, 20 crinoids, 177 echinoids, 69 holothuroids, and 67 ophiuroids. For each class, we describe the various larval types, common features of a larval body plan, developmental patterns in terms of life-cycle character states and sequences of larval stages, phylogenetic distribution of these traits, and infer evolutionary transitions that account for the documented diversity. Asteroids, echinoids, holothuroids, and ophiuroids, but not crinoids, have feeding larvae. All five classes have evolved nonfeeding larvae. Direct development has been documented in asteroids, echinoids, and ophiuroids. Facultative planktotrophy has been documented only in echinoids. It is surprising that benthic, free-living, feeding larvae have not been reported in echinoderms. From this review, we conclude that it is the ecological and functional demands on larvae which impose limits on developmental evolution and determine the associations of larval types and life-cycle character states that give rise to the developmental patterns that we observe in echinoderms. Two factors seriously limit analyses of larval and life-cycle evolution in echinoderms. First is the limited understanding of developmental diversity and second is the lack of good phylogenies." @default.
• W2103105169 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2103105169 creator A5032822953 @default.
• W2103105169 creator A5077072188 @default.
• W2103105169 date "2001-07-01" @default.
• W2103105169 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W2103105169 title "Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms" @default.
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