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- W2103275034 abstract "Because of its protein-denaturing ability, urea has played a pivotal role in the experimental and conceptual understanding of protein folding and unfolding. The measure of urea's ability to force a protein to unfold is given by the m value, an experimental quantity giving the free energy change for unfolding per molar urea. With the aid of Tanford's transfer model [Tanford C (1964) J Am Chem Soc 86:2050-2059], we use newly obtained group transfer free energies (GTFEs) of protein side-chain and backbone units from water to 1 M urea to account for the m value of urea, and the method reveals the anatomy of protein denaturation in terms of residue-level free energy contributions of groups newly exposed on denaturation. The GTFEs were obtained by accounting for solubility and activity coefficient ratios accompanying the transfer of glycine from water to 1 M urea. Contrary to the opinions of some researchers, the GTFEs show that urea does not denature proteins through favorable interactions with nonpolar side chains; what drives urea-induced protein unfolding is the large favorable interaction of urea with the peptide backbone. Although the m value is said to be proportional to surface area newly exposed on denaturation, only approximately 25% of the area favorably contributes to unfolding (because of newly exposed backbone units), with approximately 75% modestly opposing urea-induced denaturation (originating from side-chain exposure). Use of the transfer model and newly determined GTFEs achieves the long-sought goal of predicting urea-dependent cooperative protein unfolding energetics at the level of individual amino acid residues." @default.
- W2103275034 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2103275034 creator A5028125972 @default.
- W2103275034 creator A5055554856 @default.
- W2103275034 creator A5066029027 @default.
- W2103275034 date "2007-09-25" @default.
- W2103275034 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W2103275034 title "Anatomy of energetic changes accompanying urea-induced protein denaturation" @default.
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- W2103275034 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706251104" @default.
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