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- W2103386402 abstract "Mantle convection--the creeping flow of solid mantle rock driven by buoyancy forces predominantly arising from thermal expansion--is the accepted paradigm for explaining the internal geological activity of the Earth. Its theoretical understanding is largely based on the simple concept of RayleighB6nard convection. Here, one assumes a fluid layer of infinite lateral extent and constant material properties, which is kept at different temperatures at its top and bottom boundaries. Obviously the Earth’s mantle is not so simple, and the consequences of various complications must be considered. A question that has attracted the interest of earth scientists since the early days of plate tectonics is how structural phase changes in the transition zone of the Earth’s mantle between 400 and 700 km depth influence the convective flow. It was often assumed that these phase changes would constitute a serious obstacle for convection currents (e.g. Knopoff 1964). This notion could explain why deep earthquakes, which are associated with subducting lithospheric slabs and hence the sinking branch of mantle convection, do not occur below 700 km, although alternative explanations for the apparent or real failure of slabs to penetrate the lower mantle have been suggested, such as a difference in bulk chemistry. Any restrictions on the mass flux between upper and lower mantle would have important consequences for the thermal and chemical evolution of the Earth and for our interpretation of surface observables such as global geoid anomalies. The understanding of how phase transitions interact with convection has benefited greatly from numerical model calculations, starting with Richter (1973) and followed by Christensen (1982) and Christensen & Yuen (1984, 1985). These calculations demonstrated that under conditions relevant for the Earth" @default.
- W2103386402 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2103386402 date "1995-05-01" @default.
- W2103386402 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W2103386402 title "Effects of Phase Transitions on Mantle Convection" @default.
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- W2103386402 doi "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.000433" @default.
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