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- W2103395470 abstract "Assessments of medical therapeutics must grapple with the distinction between general principles—the benefits (or harm) which treatments produce at the group level—and decisions about the particular form of clinical care that an individual patient should receive. This tension can be seen in the discussions carried out at the time of the introduction of formal methods of evaluation of medical care. Statistical approaches to medicine—in the early 19th century referred to as the “numerical method” [ 1 Greenwood M Louis and the numerical method. in: Greenwood M The Medical Dictator. Williams and Norgate, London1936 Google Scholar ]—were seen as an attack upon the “art” of medicine, and one which led physicians away from their proper task, of tailoring treatment to the characteristics of the unique individuals who were their patients. In 1835 Jean Civiale used the numerical method to claim that in the treatment of bladder stones lithotrity (crushing and expulsion) was superior to lithotomy (surgical removal). Six (2.3%) out of 257 patients whom he treated with lithotrity died as compared to 1141 (20.0%) from a historical control group of 5715 patients treated with lithotomy. A commission of the Academy of Sciences which was charged with reviewing this work remained unconvinced [ 2 Double F-J Recherches de statistique sur l'affection caluleuse, par M. le docteur Civiale. Comtes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences, Paris. 1835; 1: 167-167 Google Scholar ]. One member of the commission, the clinician François-Joseph Double stated:" @default.
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- W2103395470 title "Incommunicable Knowledge? Interpreting and Applying the Results of Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses" @default.
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- W2103395470 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00293-x" @default.
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