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• W210389099 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION January 1, 2000, was a watershed date for the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and for the World Trade Organization (WTO)--the day TRIPS went into effect for developing countries. The developing countries were the real targets of TRIPS because they largely had minimal or no intellectual property (IP) systems in place. For developed countries, which already have adequate IP protections in place, albeit with differing approaches to protection and enforcement, TRIPS only shores up some areas and provides new remedies or enforcement mechanisms. For developing countries, however, TRIPS requires the adoption of an entire new body of law, together with a framework to effectively enforce these new rights. This is a substantial legal and political undertaking. The real test of TRIPS and the WTO will be whether developing countries meet these obligations, and if they do not, whether developed countries will hold them accountable until they reach full compliance with TRIPS. Although it is still early, all indications point toward significant noncompliance by key developing countries. TRIPS was a major milestone, laying out for the first time a minimum level of adequate IP protection and enforcement on an international scale. Achieving a minimum standard of adequate and effective IP protection was a significant breakthrough. TRIPS did so by setting wholesale positive obligations on members to adopt a new body of law into their national systems. These positive obligations were a first for the WTO repertoire of agreements; previous agreements had set only negative prohibitions, not large-scale affirmative obligations. The significant noncompliance with TRIPS that we are facing now poses a challenge to the WTO members by testing their commitment to IP protection and to the WTO system itself. Those of us who believe in strong IP protection and who worked hard to negotiate this agreement need to ensure that our objective in TRIPS, to ensure a minimum standard of adequate and effective IP protection, not be undercut. Even more broadly, WTO members as a whole need to support TRIPS; if they fail to hold members to their commitments in TRIPS, the WTO itself loses prestige, revealing itself to be either unable or unwilling to enforce the agreements that its members negotiate. If the WTO is to maintain any credibility or power in the future, it has to be able to deliver on the agreements that its members negotiate. This is especially significant if the WTO moves into new areas that may also require members to adopt new legal or regulatory systems. Supporters of TRIPS need to develop a comprehensive strategy to implement TRIPS successfully and expeditiously, within the timetable envisaged by TRIPS. Members need to use litigation selectively, bringing those cases that they know they can win and that present the strategic issues that will develop the necessary body of precedent. Some instances of noncompliance will be better suited to other tools, such as negotiation and conciliation. In either event, members must implement strategies to leverage these gains by picking those cases that will establish legal precedent broad enough for other members to follow, and by indicating the resolve of members to pursue dispute settlement as far as necessary until there is full compliance with TRIPS. II. REEXAMINING OUR ASSUMPTIONS DURING THE TRIPS NEGOTIATIONS In order to diagnose what brings us to this current situation, we must go back to the negotiations and look at some of the assumptions made at that time. Looking back on the negotiations, it appears that we may have placed a bit too much faith in our belief that developing countries would make honest efforts to voluntarily comply with both the letter and the spirit of the agreement, and that for those countries that did not comply, litigation would be an adequate backstop. As a result, we are now embarking on an era of significant noncompliance. …" @default.
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• W210389099 date "2000-03-22" @default.
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• W210389099 title "Implementing TRIPS - a Test of Political Will" @default.
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