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- W210404008 abstract "To the People of the Great West: Jefferson gave you the country. Lewis and Clark showed you the way. The rest is your own of Honor the statesman who foresaw the West. Honor the brave men who your West. May the memory of their glorious achievement be your precious heritage! Accept from my heart this undying record of the beginning of all your greatness. E. C. ELLIOT COUES, 1893 THE DEDICATORY PREFACE to Elliot Coues's 1893 edition of the Lewis and Clark journals1 was written by an author in tune with the conclusions of Frederick Jackson Turner, the University of Wisconsin professor, who argued famously that same year that the frontier had closed and with it the chapter in American history. Coues urged an appreciation of Lewis and Clark, those who first saw the land and began the American course of empire. In Coues's edition of the journals, the new version published since 1814, the editor emphasized the expedition's scientific achievements and credited the explorers with the discovery of new species of plants, trees, fish, insects, birds, and mammals. Coues-a distinguished ornithologist, naturalist, and surgeon-wished to award Lewis and Clark the sightings and descriptions of these specimens in an attempt to wrestle from usurpers the title of discover. It would seem that Coues wanted a place for Lewis and Clark, as explorers and as scientists, in the founding generation of American heroes, a place reserved usually for politicians and military men. But Coues's three-volume edition was more than an exercise in correcting the historical record and giving Lewis and Clark the fame associated with the label of scientific pioneer. Coues's edition was a reintroduction of Lewis and Clark to an American reading public who had largely forgotten the Corps of Discovery. Coues's rehabilitation of Lewis and Clark recast the expedition as a scientific errand conducted for Thomas Jefferson, not merely the adventure story it had become. And, the edition was an effort to revive and to appreciate a dormant literary genre-natural history exploration literature-that blended natural history findings with a sense of awe and wonder. Natural history literature embodied the dominant ethic of the early republic, a scientificspiritualist approach to the American landscape that employed natural history techniques of description and classification, not as ends in them themselves, but as aids to contain the immensity and incomprehensibility of American nature, a subject Americans knew little about. This literature encouraged early republic Americans to celebrate the complexity of the natural world, and by extension God, through an intimate understanding of its products. This scientific-spiritualist approach crossed boundaries of class and education, jumped denominational lines, and assuaged guilty consciences over the racial genocide that accompanied expansion across the continent. Lastly, Coues's 1893 edition cast Lewis and Clark as part of a grand American imperial project and became part and parcel of an effort to whet the appetite of, and to prepare the American nation for, a new round of frontier conquest and empire-building, this time not in North America but overseas. Of late, the Lewis and Clark expedition has captured the imagination of many Americans to a degree not seen since the early nineteenth century. The bicentennial celebration-accompanied by proclamations from federal, state, and local officials; the completion of scholarly editions of the journals; film and television documentaries; magazine and newspaper coverage; reenactments; and associated conferences-have made Lewis and Clark household names in ways that would likely have surprised the expedition members. Various reasons are given for their resurgence in the popular imagination, with no shortage of explanations. Still, a consensus has emerged even as appreciators, critics, and scholars argue over the expedition's importance and meaning: that Lewis and Clark are a part of an American history filled with remarkable examples of heroism and adventure, and the voyage of Lewis and Clark is one of the most remarkable of them all. …" @default.
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- W210404008 date "2004-09-01" @default.
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- W210404008 title "Nineteenth-Century Scientific Opinion of Lewis and Clark" @default.
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