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• W2104973268 abstract "At the last SLR Workshop in Shanghai, the feasibility of an asynchronous (i.e. independently firing) interplanetary laser transponder, capable of ranging between Earth and Mars and using the automated SLR2000 system as an Earth base station, was suggested. Since that time, we have received a small amount of discretionary funding to further explore the transponder concept and to develop and test an engineering breadboard. Candidate operational scenarios for acquiring and tracking the opposite laser terminal over interplanetary distances have been developed, and breadboard engineering parameters were chosen to reflect the requirements of an Earth-Mars link. Laboratory tests have been devised to simulate the Earth-Mars link between two independent SLR2000 transceivers and to demonstrate the transfer of range and time in single photon mode. The present paper reviews the transponder breadboard design, an operational scenario recently developed for an asteroid rendezvous, and the laboratory test setup. The optical head of the transponder breadboard fits within a cylinder roughly 15 cm in diameter and 32 cm in length and is mounted in a commercial two axis gimbal driven by two computer-controlled stepper motors which allows the receiver optical axis to be centered on a simulated Earth image. The optical head is built around a small optical bench which supports a 14.7 cm diameter refractive telescope, a prototype 2 kHz SLR2000 microlaser transmitter, a quadrant microchannel plate photomultiplier (MCP/PMT), a CCD array camera, spatial and spectral filters, assorted lenses and mirrors, and protective covers and sun shields. The microlaser is end-pumped by a fibercoupled diode laser array. An annular mirror is employed as a passive transmit/receive (T/R) switch in an aperturesharing arrangement wherein the transmitted beam passes through the central hole and illuminates only the central 2.5 cm of the common telescope (adequate to achieve a 10 arcsecond full laser beam divergence) while the receiver uses the remainder of the 14.7 cm aperture. Additional electronic instrumentation includes the diode pump array and associated heat sink and current drivers, rubidium frequency standard, timing distribution module, range gate generator, correlation range receiver, and system computer. Acquisition of the opposite transponder terminal requires a search within a three-dimensional volume determined by the initial pointing uncertainty and a maximum 500 microsecond uncertainty in the laser time of fire at the opposite terminal for totally uncorrelated Earth and spacecraft clocks. The angular search is aided by a sensitive CCD array capable of imaging the Earth, Moon, and surrounding stars within the nominal + 0.5 degree cone of uncertainty associated with the initial pointing of a spacecraft body or microwave communications dish. Using the independent two axis gimbal, the system computer centers and holds the Earth image in the array ensuring that a properly directed beam from Earth is detected in the receiver. Using the Moon and/or a greatly abridged star catalog and knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, the system controller computes the direction and magnitude of the differential point-ahead/look-behind angle in the instrument coordinate system (on the order of an arcminute or less) and independently drives a pair of Risley prisms to offset the laser transmitter from the receiver optical axis. The search in the third dimension, range, is carried out by using a priori information on range rate and laser jitter and by breaking up the 500 microsecond interval between laser fires into appropriately sized time bins to help isolate the signal using post-detection Poisson filtering techniques. Once acquired, the quadrant detector and correlation range receiver can further improve the accuracy of the pointing and time lock. The same instrument can be used to map the surface topography of a planet, moon, asteroid, or comet from orbit at kHz rates." @default.
• W2104973268 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2104973268 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W2104973268 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2104973268 title "DESIGN AND TEST OF A BREADBOARD INTERPLANETARY LASER TRANSPONDER" @default.
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