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- W2105510273 abstract "Models on the mechanisms underlying letter-colour synaesthesia diverge on a central question: whether triggered sensations reflect (a) quantitatively or (b) qualitatively deviant brain organization. We previously found evidence for (a) after observing synaesthesia-like letter-colour binding in adult non-synaesthetes following execution of a visual letter search task which employed likelihood manipulations of letter-colour pairings to implicitly train letter-colour associations ( Kusnir and Thut, 2012 ). The newly-formed associations were synaesthesia-like, since correlating with the synaesthetic-Stroop and showing the colour-opponency effect, present in synaesthetes ( Nikolic et al., 2007 ). This latter effect manifests as increased synaesthetic-Stroop interference when the real colour of a letter is opponent to the synaesthetic/associated colour, in line with involvement of visual/colour areas in letter-colour binding. Here, we investigated the brain areas involved in the formation of these synesthetic associations. Based on ( Kadosh and Iuculano, 2006 ) revealing reciprocal involvement of the PPC and dlPFC in distinct aspects of learning in a numerical conception task, we hypothesized that these two areas may also be differentially implicated in the learning of synaesthesia-like letter-colour associations by non-synaesthetes. Previous results would predict that while PPC supports processing of these associations after learning (see also Esterman et al., 2006 ), dlPFC shows a reciprocal function, i.e., suppressing these associations under normal conditions. Using bilateral tDCS, we interfered with either PPC or dlPFC in two groups while they performed the letter-colour association task as in ( Kusnir and Thut, 2012 ). A third group performed the same task but without tDCS (control group). All three groups used non-opponent colour pairs for letter-colour association learning, to avoid ceiling effects. In comparison to the control group, dlPFC-stimulation significantly enhanced letter-colour binding. This enhancement was substantial, leading to interference between learned and real colours in the order of the colour-opponency effect (despite the use of non-opponent colour pairs). No such effect was observed with PPC stimulation. This provides novel information regarding the network of areas implicated in the formation of automatic (letter-colour) associations. Synaesthesia-like binding of colours to letters by non-synaesthetes seems to be suppressed by dlPFC under normal conditions, and may be released by modulation of the dlPFC. We speculate that dlPFC-stimulation facilitates the formation of letter-colour binding, possibly by emphasizing relevant associations during task performance and/or by disinhibiting other brain areas (i.e., posterior parietal) involved in automatic, perceptual letter-colour binding." @default.
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- W2105510273 date "2013-10-01" @default.
- W2105510273 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2105510273 title "P 58. Unleashing synaesthetic effects by stimulating the dlPFC but not PPC" @default.
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- W2105510273 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.136" @default.
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